时间：2022-11-25 08:50:48
开篇：写作不仅是一种记录，更是一种创造，它让我们能够捕捉那些稍纵即逝的灵感，将它们永久地定格在纸上。下面是小编精心整理的12篇大学英语演讲稿，希望这些内容能成为您创作过程中的良师益友，陪伴您不断探索和进步。
my definition of success
“once upon a time， there was a king who had a daughter as beautiful as a blooming rose. to all the suitors who came to the king's palace to ask for the hand of the princess, the old king assigned three tasks to be accomplished, each next to impossible. one day, into the king's palace came a handsome young prince..." well, you know the rest. the three tasks may be different in different versions, but the main plot is always the same, with the prince claiming the princess's hand triumphantly.
and the ending is always the same, finishing with the line "and they live happily every after."
why aren't we tired of something so fanciful, so unrealistic, and, i would say, so unimaginative? how can a story like that endure generations of repetition`? because, i think, it is a typical success story. it is highly philosophical and symbolic. by implication, we see a 4-step definition of success: 1 ) a goal to be set. as represented by the beautiful princess; 2 ) challenges to be met, as represented by the three tasks; 3 ) the process of surmounting difficulties, as represented by the ordeals the youth goes through; and 4 ) the reward of success, as represented by the happy marriage.
the story not only caters to everyone's inward yearning for success, but also emphasizes the inseparability of the process and the result. the reward of success will be much amplified if the path leading towards it is treacherous, and vice versa. if a person inherits his father's millions and leads an easy life, he is not a successful person even in material terms, because there are no difficulties involved in his achieving affluence. the term "success", to be sure. will not sit still for easy definition. but as i understand it, the true meaning of success entails a combination of both the process and the satisfactory result of an endeavor. to clarify my view, let me give another analogy.
if we changed the rules of football, greatly enlarged the goal and sent away david seaman or any other goal keeper, so that another david, namely david beckham, could score easily, then scoring would not give him the thrill of accomplishment and the joy that it brings. if we further changed the rules by not allowing arsenal's defenders to defend, so that beckham needed only to lift a finger, actually a toe, to score, then there would be no game at all, because the meaning of winning would have disappeared. in accepting the challenge, in surmounting the difficulties and in enduring the hardship, success acquires its value. the sense of attainment varies in proportion to the degree of difficulties on overcomes.
the concept of success is not constant but relative because the nature of difficulty is also relative. something you do effortlessly might pose a great difficulty for a handicapped person. in acquiring the ability to do the same as you can, he or she achieve success. that's why we greatly admire stephen hawking, because, though confined to a wheel chair, he has contributed greatly to the field of science.
i myself, a rather shy person by nature who easily suffer from stage fright, had to pluck up great courage to take part in a speech contest like this. i could have stayed away and had an easy time of it by not entering the university level contest.but i chose to accept the challenge and to face the difficulties. now here i am. if i come out first, it will be a great success for me. if i come out last-i hope this will not be the case-but if i come out last, i will not call my attempt a failure, but will also celebrate it as a true success, because part of my goal is my own character training-to do more assertive, to be brave in face of difficulties. for me, it is a meaningful step forward, small as it is, in the long journey toward the final success in my life, because i have truly gained by participating.
let us return to our handsome young prince and the 4-step definition of success. you my have noticed that the usual worldly criteria of wealth, position and fame were not mentioned as part of the story, but rather, it emphasized the process of overcoming difficulties. the ancient wisdom had already defined the meaning of success, and this is my definition, too.
thank you.
成功之我见
“很久以前，有个国王，他的女儿貌美如花。老国王向所有来求婚的男士提出了三个任务作为挑战，而每一项任务都异常艰巨，几乎不可能完成。一天，来了一位年轻英俊的王子……”好了，下面的故事你们都知道了。三项任务在不同的版本中各不相同，但关键部分的情节都如出一辙:王子成功地过关，得到了公主的芳心。而故事的结局也都一样，最后一句都写道:“从此他们幸福地生活在一起。
为什么我们对如此美妙、如此不切实际,而我要说,如此缺乏想象力的东西这么乐此不疲呢?这样的故事又如何能够经历几代人的重复?我想，因为它是典型的成功的例子。故事的思想性很强，具有代表性。通过故事带给我们的启示，我们认识到了成功定义中的四个步骤;第一，目标的设定，有如故事里美丽的公主;第二，所遇到的困难和挑战，就像三大任务;第三，克服困难的过程，故事中青年经历重重难关可以作为象征;第四，就是成功的果实，如同幸福的婚姻。
这个故事不仅迎合了人们内心深处对成功的向往，也强调了过程和结果的不可分离。如果通往成功的道路崎岖曲折，那么成功的回报必然硕果累累，反之亦然。如果一个人继承了父辈的百万家产而生活得轻松富足，那么，即使在物质上，他也不能算是个成功人士，因为，他的财富并没有经过艰难困苦而获得。确切地说，“成功”这个词，不是个静态简单的定义。在我的理解中，真正意义上的成功是奋斗的过程和经历了奋斗之后赢得的满意的结果。请让我另举一例来阐明我的见解。
如果我们试着改变足球的比赛规则，将球门放得很大，换下大卫·希曼或其他任何的守门员，这样，随便哪个“大卫”，比如说，“大卫·贝克汉姆”，就可以轻松进球，然而这样进一球却不能给他带来成功的震颤与喜悦。如果我们再改一改比赛规则，不让阿森纳队的防守来守门，那么，贝克汉姆只要动动手，其实就是抬抬脚就能进一球，那样的话、，实际上也没有什么比赛可言了，因为赢球的意义已经不存在了。在接受挑战、克服困难和经历磨难的过程中，“成功”的价值才得以丰满。取得成果的意义和所克服的艰难的程度成正比。所谓成功的概念不是一成不变的.而昙相对而言的,因为困难的性质也是相对意义上的。
正常人不费力气做成的事对于一个残疾人来说也许相当困难。获得了同正常人一样的能力，这个残疾人就获得了成功。这便是我们为什么崇敬史蒂芬·霍金的原因—虽然行动不便，受到了轮椅的限制，他依然为科学界作出了巨大的贡献。
就我自己而言，生性羞涩，容易怯场，不得不鼓起非常大的勇气来参加此次的演讲比赛。我完全可以待在一边，不参加大学级别的比赛，而落得轻松自在。可是，我还是选择了接受这一挑战来面对困难。现在我来了，如果我能够得第一的话.这对我来说就是巨大的成功。如果，我是最后一名—我希望情况不是这样—但如果我真的是最后一名，我也不会认为这次的尝试是一次失败，反而我要把它当作一次真正的成功来庆贺，因为我一部分的目标是对自己性格的锻炼—更加坚强、勇敢地面对困难。对我来说，这标志着我在通向成功人生的漫漫征途中又向前迈进了一步，尽管是很小的一步，但是我确实通过参与真正地获得了收益。
回到我们年轻英俊的王子和对“成功”的四步骤定义上吧，您也许已经注意到了财富、地位和名誉等这些世俗的标准在故事中并未提及，相反故事强调了克服重重困难的过程。古代的智慧已经对成功的意义下了定义，这也是我的定义。
谢谢!
ladies and gentlemen , good afternoon! i’m very glad to stand here and give you a short speech. today my topic is “youth”. i hope you will like it , and found the importance in your youth so that more cherish it.
first i want to ask you some questions:
1、 do you know what is youth?
2、 how do you master your youth?
youth
youth is not a time of life, it is a state of mind ; it is not rosy cheeks , red lips and supple knees, it is a matter of the emotions : it is the freshness ; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life .youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite , for adventure over the love of ease. this often existsin a man of 60 more than a boy of 20 . nobody grows old merely by a number of years . we grow old by deserting our ideals.
years wrinkle the skin , but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul .worry , fear , self –distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust .
whether 60 of 16 , there is in every human being ‘s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living . in the center of your heart and my heart there’s a wireless station : so long as it receives messages of beauty , hope ,cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long as you are young .
when the aerials are down , and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old ,even at 20 , but as long as your aerials are up ,to catch waves of optimism , there is hope you may die young at 80.
thank you!
青春
青春不是指岁月，而是指心态。粉嫩的脸，红润的唇，矫健的膝并不是青春。青春表现在意志的坚强与懦弱。想象的丰富与苍白、情感的充沛与贫乏等方面。青春是生命深处清泉的喷涌。
青春是追求。只有当勇气盖过怯弱、进取压倒苟安之时，青春才存在。果如此，则60见之长者比20岁之少年更具青春活力。仅仅岁月的流逝并不能使他们衰老。而一旦抛弃理想和信念，则垂垂老也。
岁月只能使皮肤起皱。而一旦丧失生活的激情，则连灵魂枯老，使人生枯如死水，毫无活力。
60岁长者也好，16岁少年也罢，每个人的内心深处都渴望奇迹，都如孩子一般眨着期待的双眼，期待着下一次，期待着生活的情趣，你我灵魂深处都有一座无线电中转站------只有你我年轻，则总能听到希望的呼唤，总能发出喜悦的欢呼，总能传达勇气的讯号，总能表现出青春的活力………
foreign minister wang yi,
shi yigong, assistant president of tsinghua university,
i am truly delighted to be at the tsinghua university today.
you are a world class institution. you are a symbol of success of china’s education sector.
you are the foundation for china’s economic miracle. you have produced great leaders,including president xi.
it is not surprising that china’s economic growth and its new leadership in research, science andtechnology have taken place together.
i particularly like the old chinese saying, if you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if youthink in terms of ten years, plant trees; if you think in terms of 100 years, teach the people.
in india, too, the ancient saying is vyaye krate vardhate eva nityam, vidhya dhanam sarva dhanpradhanam
the wealth that increases by giving, that wealth is knowledge and is supreme of allpossessions.
this is one example of how our two nations are united in their timeless wisdom.
there is much more, though, that links our two ancient civilizations.
i began my journey in china in xian. in doing so, i retraced the footsteps of the chinese monkxuanzang.
he travelled to india from xian in the seventh century in search of knowledge and returned toxian as a friend and chronicler of india.
president xi’s visit in india last september started from ahmedabad. it is not far fromvadnagar, my birthplace, but important, because it hosted xuanzang and many pilgrims fromchina.
the world’s first large scale educational exchange programme took place between india andchina during the tang dynasty.
records talk of about 80 indian monks coming to china and nearly 150 chinese monksreturning after their education in india. and yes, this was in the 10th and 11th century.
mumbai’s rise as a port and a shipbuilding centre is because of cotton trade with china.
and, those who love silk and textiles know that india’s famous tanchoi sarees owe themselves tothree brothers from my state of gujarat who learnt the art of weaving from chinese masters inthe 19th century.
and, in an unquestionable evidence of our ancient trade, silk in our classical sanskritlanguage is called cinapatta.
so, the centuries-old story of our relations has been of spiritualism, learning, art and trade.
it is a picture of respect for each other’s civilisation and of shared prosperity.
it is reflected in the human values of dr. dwarkanath kotnis, a doctor from india, who treatedsoldiers in china during the second world war.
today, after difficult and sometimes dark passages of history, india and china stand at a raremoment of vast and multiple transitions in the world.
perhaps, the most significant change of this era is the re-emergence of china and india.
the world’s two most populous nations are undergoing economic and social transformationon a scale and at a speed that is unmatched in history.
china’s success over the past three decades has changed the character of the global economy.
india is now the next frontier of the economic revolution.
we have the demography for it. about 800 million people in india are below the age of 35years. their aspirations, energy, enterprise and skills will be the force for india’s economictransformation.
we now have the political mandate and the will to make it happen.
over the past year, we have moved with a clear and coherent vision. and, we have acted withspeed, resolve and boldness to implement it.
we have taken sweeping steps to reform our policies and open up more to foreign directinvestments. this includes new areas like insurance, construction, defence and railways.
we are eliminating unnecessary regulations and simplifying our procedures. we are usingdigital technology to eliminate multiple approvals and endless wait.
we are building a tax regime that is predictable, stable and competitive, and that willintegrate the indian market.
we are scaling up investments in next generation infrastructure – roads, ports, railways,airports, telecom, digital networks and clean energy.
our resources are being allocated with speed and transparency. and, we will make sure thatland acquisition does not become a barrier to growth or a burden on farmers.
we are creating the global skill pool to establish a modern economy with a world classmanufacturing sector.
we are reviving our agriculture sector to restore the fortunes of our farmers and boost ourgrowth.
like china, urban renewal is both a necessity and a means to add energy to our economy.
we are combining traditional strategies with modern economic instruments to eliminatepoverty and create security for the poor.
we have launched major schemes on financial inclusion of all, providing funds to the un-banked, and ensuring efficient and direct transfer of benefits to the poor.and, we areensuring that insurance and pension schemes reach the poorest.
we have set time bound goals for providing access to housing, water and sanitation for all.
this won’t just transform lives, but also generate a new source of economic momentum.
qiu yong, president of tsinghua university,
foreign minister wang yi,
shi yigong, assistant president of tsinghua university,
i am truly delighted to be at the tsinghua university today.
you are a world class institution. you are a symbol of success of china’s education sector.
you are the foundation for china’s economic miracle. you have produced great leaders,including president xi.
it is not surprising that china’s economic growth and its new leadership in research, science andtechnology have taken place together.
i particularly like the old chinese saying, if you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if youthink in terms of ten years, plant trees; if you think in terms of 100 years, teach the people.
in india, too, the ancient saying is vyaye krate vardhate eva nityam, vidhya dhanam sarva dhanpradhanam
the wealth that increases by giving, that wealth is knowledge and is supreme of allpossessions.
this is one example of how our two nations are united in their timeless wisdom.
there is much more, though, that links our two ancient civilizations.
i began my journey in china in xian. in doing so, i retraced the footsteps of the chinese monkxuanzang.
he travelled to india from xian in the seventh century in search of knowledge and returned toxian as a friend and chronicler of india.
president xi’s visit in india last september started from ahmedabad. it is not far fromvadnagar, my birthplace, but important, because it hosted xuanzang and many pilgrims fromchina.
the world’s first large scale educational exchange programme took place between india andchina during the tang dynasty.
records talk of about 80 indian monks coming to china and nearly 150 chinese monksreturning after their education in india. and yes, this was in the 10th and 11th century.
mumbai’s rise as a port and a shipbuilding centre is because of cotton trade with china.
and, those who love silk and textiles know that india’s famous tanchoi sarees owe themselves tothree brothers from my state of gujarat who learnt the art of weaving from chinese masters inthe 19th century.
and, in an unquestionable evidence of our ancient trade, silk in our classical sanskritlanguage is called cinapatta.
so, the centuries-old story of our relations has been of spiritualism, learning, art and trade.
it is a picture of respect for each other’s civilisation and of shared prosperity.
it is reflected in the human values of dr. dwarkanath kotnis, a doctor from india, who treatedsoldiers in china during the second world war.
today, after difficult and sometimes dark passages of history, india and china stand at a raremoment of vast and multiple transitions in the world.
perhaps, the most significant change of this era is the re-emergence of china and india.
the world’s two most populous nations are undergoing economic and social transformationon a scale and at a speed that is unmatched in history.
china’s success over the past three decades has changed the character of the global economy.
india is now the next frontier of the economic revolution.
we have the demography for it. about 800 million people in india are below the age of 35years. their aspirations, energy, enterprise and skills will be the force for india’s economictransformation.
we now have the political mandate and the will to make it happen.
over the past year, we have moved with a clear and coherent vision. and, we have acted withspeed, resolve and boldness to implement it.
we have taken sweeping steps to reform our policies and open up more to foreign directinvestments. this includes new areas like insurance, construction, defence and railways.
we are eliminating unnecessary regulations and simplifying our procedures. we are usingdigital technology to eliminate multiple approvals and endless wait.
we are building a tax regime that is predictable, stable and competitive, and that willintegrate the indian market.
we are scaling up investments in next generation infrastructure – roads, ports, railways,airports, telecom, digital networks and clean energy.
our resources are being allocated with speed and transparency. and, we will make sure thatland acquisition does not become a barrier to growth or a burden on farmers.
we are creating the global skill pool to establish a modern economy with a world classmanufacturing sector.
we are reviving our agriculture sector to restore the fortunes of our farmers and boost ourgrowth.
like china, urban renewal is both a necessity and a means to add energy to our economy.
we are combining traditional strategies with modern economic instruments to eliminatepoverty and create security for the poor.
we have launched major schemes on financial inclusion of all, providing funds to the un-banked, and ensuring efficient and direct transfer of benefits to the poor.and, we areensuring that insurance and pension schemes reach the poorest.
we have set time bound goals for providing access to housing, water and sanitation for all.
this won’t just transform lives, but also generate a new source of economic momentum.
in recent years, we have deepened our political engagement. we have kept our borderspeaceful. we have managed our differences and not allowed them to impede closercooperation. we have enhanced our cooperation across the full spectrum of ourrelationship.
yet, if we have to realise the extraordinary potential of our partnership, we must alsoaddress the issues that lead to hesitation and doubts, even distrust, in our relationship.
first, we must try to settle the boundary question quickly.
we both recognise that this is history’s legacy. resolving it is our shared responsibility to thefuture. we must move ahead with new purpose and determination.
the solution we choose should do more than settle the boundary question.
it should do so in a manner that transforms our relationship and not cause new disruptions.
we have been remarkably successful in maintaining peace and tranquility along the border.
we must continue to do that on the principle of mutual and equal security.
our agreements, protocols and border mechanisms have been helpful.
but, a shadow of uncertainty always hangs over the sensitive areas of the border region.
it is because neither side knows where the line of actual control is, in these areas.
that is why i have proposed resuming the process of clarifying it. we can do this withoutprejudice to our position on the boundary question.
we should think of creative solutions to issues that have become irritants – from visa policiesto trans-border rivers.
sometimes, small steps can have a deep impact on how our people see each other.
we are both increasing our engagement in our shared neighbourhood. this calls for deeperstrategic communication to build mutual trust and confidence.
we must ensure that our relationships with other countries do not become a source of concernfor each other. and, wherever possible and feasible, we should work together, as we did inresponding to the earthquake in nepal.
if the last century was the age of alliances, this is an era of inter-dependence. so, talks ofalliances against one another have no foundation.
in any case, we are both ancient civilizations, large and independent nations. neither of us canbe contained or become part of anyone’s plans.
so, our partnership in international forums should not be determined by the concerns ofothers, but the interests of our two countries.
china’s support for india’s permanent membership of a reformed un security council, andfor india’s membership of export control regimes like nuclear suppliers group will do morethan just strengthen our international cooperation.
it will take our relationship to a new level.
it will give asia a stronger voice in the world.
if we are able to deepen mutual trust and confidence, we will also be able to reinforce eachother’s efforts of connecting asia with itself and rest of the world.
our soldiers face each other on the border, but we should also deepen our defence andsecurity cooperation to address our many common challenges.
above all, as we look ahead, we must build more bridges of familiarity and comfort betweenour people.
about 33% of the world’s population is either indian or chinese. yet, our people know verylittle of each other.
we must seek inspiration from the pilgrims of the ancient times, who braved the unknown insearch of knowledge, and enriched us both.
so, we have decided to extend electronic tourist visas to chinese nationals. we are celebratingthe “year of india” in china in XX. we are launching the ‘provincial and state leaders forum’today.
later today, we will have the yoga-taichi event. it will represent the coming together of our twocivilizations.
we are starting the gandhi and india study centre in fudan university and a college of yoga inkunming.
the second route to kailash mansarovar for indian pilgrims will start in june, for which i wantto thank president xi.
these are just some of the many steps india and china are taking to bring the world’s twolargest populations in closer contact.
for this reason, i chose to speak today at a university.
because it is the youth that will inherit the future of our countries and the responsibility for ourrelationship.
president xi has spoken eloquently about the inter-connected dreams of china and india andthe new type of relationship between major countries.
not only are our dreams inter-connected, our future is also deeply inter- connected.
we are at a moment, when we have the opportunity to make our choices.
india and china are two proud civilizations and two great nations that will fulfill their destinies.
we each have the strength and the will to choose our own paths to success.
【关键词】大学英语口语；演讲教学；实训模式；方法策略
改革开放以来，英语的学习和运用在一定程度上迎合着我国对外的发展需求。从小学学习开始一直到大学学习过程中，英语课程一直都是主要学习科目之一，在升学考试中扮演着重要的角色。社会交流对英语的需要体现在各个领域，英语演讲形式也随之日加普遍化，英语的演讲能力水平的高低，成为衡量演讲活动举办是否成功的考虑依据。当代大学生英语的教学核心注重理论与实践相结合，对即将面向社会的大学生做好前期铺垫工作，更好的为提高我国的综合国力做准备。
一、在大学英语口语课堂中融入英语演讲教学的实训模式的必要性
大学英语教学模式下将英语学科分为英语写作、英语阅读、英语视听、英语口语等相关分支自设学科的有效学习，为提升学生的英语运用能力水平积极地探索教学模式和方法。针对英语口语课程来讲，融进英语演讲教学的实训模式具有极大地必要性。开展英语演讲的实践教学方式，对提高学生英语口语的表达能力有很大的帮助，进而提高英语综合性学习水平。通过演讲的方式帮助学生培养英语语感，在表达上学会正确规范的进行思想阐述。各个大学要注重学生理论与实践相结合的学习方式的培养，积极开展校级英语演讲比赛，充分调动学生参与的积极性。英语演讲教学模式为锻炼学生说英语的能力提升开放了练习渠道，英语表达能力在整个学习过程中最为关键。具备非常雄厚的语法理论知识，但不会熟练运用，发音不准确等语言障碍无法进行正常的沟通交流，那么英语的学习效果在一定的衡量程度上来说学习效果为零。只有可以熟练地对英语运用和沟通，才能在真正意义上达到开设英语口语教学的目标要求，提高大学生的英语整体学习水平。
二、在大学英语口语课堂中融入英语演讲教学的实训模式的方法策略
1.积极引导学生注重英语演讲的表达技巧
老师在课堂教学环节中对扮演者重要的引导角色，对课堂教学效果有着关键性的决定作用。在英语口语教学中，老师要积极地给学生灌输练习英语演讲的重要意义。运用多媒体的电教设备为学生播放写经典的英语演讲视频资料、英语歌剧、诗朗诵等集思想感情和表达方式为一体的表演录像，调动学生们对英语演讲的兴趣。在课上老师可以组织学生对观看的视频资料进行讨论和分析，让学生们指出自认为在其中的演讲亮点或表达形式的突出性。引导学生注重语音语调上的发音问题，强调表达的标准化和思想结构的逻辑性。老师在课堂上进行英语演讲实训模式教学过程中要渲染演讲气氛，恰到好处的运用神情动作对演讲内容的思想感情进行流露，避免呆板式的演讲练习状态的发生。通过视频资料专业演讲的学习和自身亲自参与的实践，积极引导学生的演讲表达技巧的多样化和丰富性。
2.丰富英语口语教学中演讲教学的形式和方法
当学生对英语演讲技巧和方法策略有一定的了解和掌握时，老师便要向着教学形式和方法上加以引导。对学生进行演讲实训练习，老师可以根据日常生活事件带给学生们的触动为主线，让学生们自行撰写演讲稿件，老师在尽可能的情况下对学生的稿件进行逐一批查和指导。帮助学生改进表达上的不足之处，组织学生对自己的稿件进行英语课堂演讲比赛。邀请其他任课老师对学生的表现进行打分，评出设定奖项对学生加以奖励。这样可以充分调动学生的积极参与性，锻炼学生的当中表达能力。老师还可以建立英语口语课堂小组合作式学习模式，以小组为单位对学习的英语口语对话内容进行角色扮演，锻炼英语沟通上的即兴表达能力。学校要提起对英语口语教学的重视，积极开展英语演讲比赛，邀请知名英语教授定期来学校进行演讲培训。英语歌唱比赛和英语诗歌朗诵等形式都可以在演讲实训模式中融会贯通。丰富英语口语教学中演讲教学的形式和方法，通过恰当的演讲技巧利用，培养学生的语感，锻炼感性认知能力。
3.在大学英语课堂融入演讲比赛实训练习中应注意的内容
在英语演讲形式融进英语课堂的同时，老师要更加注重以学生为主体的教学引导观念。端正以学生为主，自身引导为辅的教学态度。努力营造演讲课堂的轻松无压力的活动气氛，让学生可以在和谐的教学环境下锻炼英语口语知识水平。积极的融入到学生的讨论与分析中，对学生在演讲准备中的错误做及时的更正和指导，尽可能的做到一对一教学。在对学生一对一指导的过程中，充分了解学生的学习特点，对英语口语知识点范围的掌握程度有基本上的认知，进而做到因材施教。除此之外，老师要积极地带动实训气氛，鼓励英语口语表达能力差的学生在课堂上大胆发言，表达自己的想法。在其他同学演讲结束后，要求在课堂上不经常发言的学生对其用简短的英语进行点评。增进口语表达能力差的学生对英语学习的自信心，逐渐培养学习兴趣。浓厚的学习兴趣是同学们积极融入演讲课堂实训模式的最好老师，注重对学生主观能动性的培养，切合大学生综合素质的发展目标。
三、总结
综上所述，在大学英语口语课堂中融入英语演讲教学的实训模式，是培养学生锻炼英语口语表达能力的有效实施途径。教师在英语口语教学过程中要正确认知二者相互融合的重要性，积极的丰富英语演讲在课堂应用上的形式和方法。校方要更多的关注大学英语口语教学的意义，提供教学政策上的支持。积极开展以校为单位的大型英语演讲比赛，让老师和同学们都能充分感受到其对口语提升的重要意义。想要提高大学生的英语口语综合能力，就要不断地探索更适合现代社会交际英语运用范围发展的教学途径。
参考文献：
[1]杨红英.大学英语演讲教学中的形成性评估[J].广西教育（职业与高等教育版），2010
[2]廖敏慧，熊淑英.在大学英语口语课堂中融入英语演讲教学的实训模式研究[J].咸宁学院学报，2010
[3]李薇.突破传统模式英语演讲教学与英语口语教学的嫁接[J].新课程学习（学术教育），2010
对经典阅读文学作品或名人演讲稿，我们不能“穿新鞋，走老路”，采取应试教学的老办法来进行分析再分析，活生生地来解剖，而是应该强调让学生多听、多诵读、多模仿、多记忆，通过范读、领读、齐声朗读、轮读、个别朗读、分角色朗读、自由读，并要求学生在课后背诵一些优美段落，来引导学生从感性上、从直觉上、从整体上去认识、体验、消化和吸收名篇佳作的精髓，要求学生能用英语正确、流利、有感情地朗读文章，鼓励学生多诵读，在诵读实践中增加积累，发展语感，加深体验与领悟。
英语是按单词和句子的重音来分节奏的。英文诗是练习英语节奏的最好材料之一。例如 William Wordsworth著名的《I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud（我好似一朵孤独的流云）》，便是典型的弱强节奏。熟读之后，大声朗诵，一定获益匪浅。
I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud
By William Wordsworth
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high over vales and hills，
When all at once I saw a crowd，
A host， of golden daffodils，
Beside the lake， beneath the trees
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the Milky Way，
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay：
Ten thousand saw I at a glance
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
…
译文：《我好似一朵孤独的流云》（威廉・华兹华斯／作，顾子欣／译）我好似一朵孤独的流云，高高地飘游在山谷之上，突然我看到一大片鲜花，是金色的水仙遍地开放。它们开在湖畔，开在树下，它们随风嬉舞，随风飘荡。它们密集如银河的星星，像群星在闪烁一片晶莹；它们沿着海湾向前伸展，通往远方仿佛无穷无尽……
对中国英语成功学习者的研究，也验证了听、读、模仿经典材料和名家名篇是英语学习的有效途径之一。“21世纪杯”和“CCTV杯”英语演讲比赛是我国中小学和大学英语的重量级赛事。南京大学的丁言仁教授在总结全国英语演讲比赛优胜选手学习英语的方法时发现，他们都有着共同的英语学习经历：诵读过多位名人演讲稿；背诵过大量优美文章；注重背书的语音语调与录音一致；听和模仿英语广播或录音磁带；观看和模仿英语电影和电视剧；记忆大量完整的语块（即出现频率比较高的习语、短语、短句等），等等。
[关键词]英语演讲 演讲课教学 教学误区
[中图分类号] G642 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-3437（2013）22-0069-02
一、引言
近几年来，随着对外交流对英语人才的要求越来越高，随着英语演讲比赛和英语辩论赛的频繁举办，大学生的英语演讲能力受到了越来越多的关注和重视。然而，在英语演讲比赛和辩论赛日益繁荣的背后，我们也不难发现大学英语教学的滞后性以及学生的英语演讲能力不足的问题。为了满足社会的实际需要，提高大学生的综合素质和竞争能力，贯彻实施教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》对学生口语表达能力方面的培养要求，许多院校都为英语专业或非英语专业开设了“英语演讲”、“演讲艺术”等类似课程，并专门为参加比赛的学生进行辅导或培训。
然而，在遍地开花的英语演讲课背后，我们也不难发现，目前的英语演讲课教学中普遍存在着一些教学误区。为了能够卓有成效地开展英语演讲课教学，必须重视并改正这些教学误区。
二、教学误区及分析
（一）以演讲比赛为教学目标
目前，各高校都非常重视本校选手在各级各类英语演讲赛和辩论赛中取得的成绩。客观上，这些比赛为演讲教学提供了许多有益的信息，例如，通过了解比赛对演讲者语言能力、知识储备、应变能力、心理素质等方面的要求，教师可以发现教学中的不足和问题，从而有针对性地进行教学。但是，高校英语演讲课绝不能仅仅以演讲比赛为教学目标，因为提高学生的英语演讲能力绝不仅仅是为了在演讲比赛中取得佳绩，在大学生今后的论文答辩、求职面试、出国留学和日常工作等方面，出色的英语演讲能力都会起到非常重要的作用。
英语演讲课旨在对学生进行英语演讲与口语表达方面的技能训练，使学生掌握相关的语言技巧，具备用英语进行演讲的口语表达能力和语言应变能力。
因此，在教学的起始阶段，应当着重于语言基本功的训练，如语音、语调、语法、朗读和复述等能力。在高级阶段，应当着重于让学生用所掌握的基本语言知识，条理清晰、逻辑严谨地口头表达自己的观点与思想，训练学生的英语思维能力、评判能力和交流能力，同时帮助学生了解东西方文化差异，扫除英语学习的障碍，最终帮助学生在大量的口语实践中完成从单纯模仿语言到自由运用语言的过渡。
如果以演讲比赛为教学目标，完全为比赛而教学，就会大大影响英语演讲课本来的教学内容和步骤，就会使相当一部分无缘参加演讲比赛的学生丧失学习动力。
（二）以英语演讲比赛标准作为课堂教学评价标准
尽管演讲比赛是英语演讲课的一个中心话题和主要内容，但教学活动决不能以演讲比赛或辩论赛的标准来衡量每个学生的表现。
实际上，许多学生没有参加过英语演讲比赛，将来登上演讲舞台的机会也非常渺茫。所以，为了演讲比赛或辩论比赛而学习演讲对大多数同学来说是没有实际价值的。如果演讲课以演讲比赛的高标准作为课堂教学标准，就会抑制相当一部分学生的学习兴趣和参与程度，并丧失用英语演讲的信心。
在教学过程中，笔者经常向学生强调，不要觉得演讲和辩论高深莫测、可望而不可即，其实，演讲和辩论无处不在、无时不在。例如，在同学的生日聚会上，作为主角的同学当然要在聚会上发表简短的讲话。这难道不是一个公共演讲的机会？而作为公司的员工或领导，同样必须具备一定的演讲能力和辩论能力。又如，同学们在宿舍里争论某某歌曲或某某影片的好坏，各抒己见，热闹非凡，这就是辩论。当学生认识到这一点之后，教师就需要在课上淡化演讲比赛的氛围，设置更多如上面提到的情景，让学生忘掉这是在“演讲”或“辩论”，从而减少他们的紧张感和畏难心理。
总之，我们在制定演讲课课堂教学评价标准时，可以参考英语演讲比赛或辩论比赛的标准，但不能完全照搬，否则，英语演讲课将难以取得令人满意的教学效果。
（三）以提高学生的口语水平为唯一教学内容
英语演讲课对学生的英语口语能力有较高的要求，毋庸置疑，提高学生的口语表达能力应该是英语演讲课的重要教学内容。然而，如果将提高学生的口语水平作为唯一教学内容，那将是有失偏颇的。该课程绝不仅仅只涉及语言本身，它是一门实践技能课，将英语语言训练与演讲技巧结合起来，旨在提高学生的综合应用能力，即综合运用语言和知识的能力。学生要想在课堂上和演讲台上有出色的表现，不仅要具备流畅地道的口语水平，还要具备在公共场合运用英语表达思想的魄力和自信。另外，良好的思辨能力和广博的综合文化知识也是必不可少的。
广博的文化知识需要学生在课内外进行多方面的知识储备，他们要了解当今世界的政治经济状况、科技发展水平、各种热点问题、古今中外的优秀历史文化等。这不仅需要学生注重日常的知识积累，而且还需要锻炼对事物的观察能力和分析能力。2007年CCTV 杯英语演讲决赛的一位选手给人留下了深刻印象。当被问到作为领导，人力资源管理和专业知识哪个更重要的时候，这位选手的回答非常恰当。她以刘备和诸葛亮的关系为例：诸葛亮的军事才能世人皆知，但是他更适合于辅佐刘备，因为后者更擅长人力资源管理，所以尽管刘备专业知识不如诸葛亮，但不失为好的领导。
在英语演讲课上，也需要培养学生良好的语言习惯：用例子和事实说话，而不能泛泛地、空洞地讲道理。另外，英语演讲与辩论的历史、讲台艺术、演讲稿与辩论稿的写作方法及修辞手段、演讲与辩论中的媒体辅助技术等内容也是演讲课中的重要教学内容。
总之，英语演讲课的教学内容是丰富多样的，口语训练只是其中一个比较重要的方面。要想成为一名出色的演说者，单纯地提高口语水平是远远不够的。
（四）以教师为中心展开教学
英语演讲课是一门参与性和互动性很强的课程，需要充分调动学生积极性，宜采取“以学生为中心，以教师为主导”的英语教学新模式。然而，一些教师在课堂上仍然主要采用“以教师为中心”的传统教学方法：演讲课成了教师练习和展示口语的舞台，成了教师的个人表演；学生只是在被动地听和看，很少能够参与其中。
在演讲课教学过程中，教师的作用类似于电影导演，他组织课堂教学的过程类似于导演指导演员演戏，真正的主角是学生（演员）而不是教师（导演），教师甚至有时还需要隐形。作为课堂的主导者和引导者，教师要引导学生积极参与，发挥学生的主观能动性。在课堂上，教师要鼓励学生阐述自己的见解和观点，努力为他们创造一个无拘无束的环境。要尽可能多地给学生开口练习的机会，可以是模仿，可以是对他人的演讲进行提问和点评，也可以是定题演讲，还可以做小游戏，等等。只要学生在教师的引导下在课堂上主动开口讲话，积极参加课堂讨论，无疑就会锻炼他们的胆量，增强他们的口语自信心和在公开场合讲话的能力，还会提高学生的语言应用能力，培养其自主学习能力。
“以学生为中心，以教师为主导”的教学原则也可以体现在课堂之外。就这门课的实际情况而言，每周两个学时根本无法完成既讲解理论知识、观摩演讲比赛，又让学生展示自己的多重教学任务。日益普及的互联网可以帮助教师在一定程度上解决这个难题。教师可以提前告诉学生下节课甚至下个月的话题，让他们以“group work”的方式事先搜集资料。如果给予正确的引导，他们完全可以在网上找到更多、更好的文字或视频材料。这个过程本身就是一个让他们逐渐成熟、培养其责任感和团队合作精神的过程，还可以创造一种互相竞争的学习氛围，一定会让学生受益匪浅。
三、结论
以上的四种教学误区，在一些高校的英语演讲课教学中或多或少地存在。在教学中，我们可以借鉴演讲比赛的方式、内容和评价标准，但不宜将演讲比赛作为我们的教学目标，因为该课程不是为参加比赛的学生专门开设的短训班，它的主要目的是为了提高学生的口语表达能力，使他们因此而在今后的求职、深造和工作中受益。只有认识到这一点，我们才能在教学中克服以上教学误区，才能真正让学生受益。
[ 参 考 文 献 ]
[1] Stephen E. Lucas. The Art of Public Speaking（8th ed.）[M].Beijing： Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press， 2004.
[2] 徐卉，王煜.英语演讲比赛与大学英语教学[J].经济师，2005，（12）.
改革开放以来,我国与国际逐步接轨,与国外交流更加频繁,英语口语就愈发的显得重要,社会以及用人单位对毕业生的英语口语要求越来越高。英语口语具有极强的实践性,深受学生的欢迎,在英语口译教学过程中,教师不仅要培养学生良好的翻译习惯,更应该提高学生们的口译技巧,演讲就是其中重要的组成部分。笔者从英语口语教学出发,分析如何提高本科学生的演讲能力,对学生全面发展具有重要影响。
关键词:
英语专业;口译教学;演讲
随着我国的国际化趋势与进展,与国外交流的机会愈发频繁,各大公司、企业及事业单位等对毕业生的英语翻译能力要求越来越高,尤其对口译人才越发的重视。国家教育部经研究决定,各高校设立英语本科翻译专业,这使得翻译这门学科的发展又进一步了,翻译专业作为一门独立的专业受到广大学生的欢迎,各界对翻译学也越来越重视。因此,很多大学开设了英语口译课。口译课作为大学英语专业学生的必修课,与其相应的口译教学也受到重视。口译教学是一种专业技能,口译能力涉及到诸多方面,例如语言运用能力、综合知识能力、随机应变能力、心理承压能力等等。因为口译教学具有极强的实践性以及涉猎的内容广泛等特征,所以深受本科学生的喜爱和学校的重视。那么,在口译教学中,如何培养和提高学生的相关技能,则成为授课教师关注的首要问题。
一、什么是口译技巧
关于什么是口译,一直以来都有很多种说法。口译本身具有一定的特点。一些人将口译定义为:口译是人们在不同文化、不同语言之间的交往活动,为了不再受到语言的屏障,使交流者能运用口语的方式将同一种语言阐述的内容与主旨或思想用其他的语言表述或者说是翻译的过程。即口译就将别人说的话或文字以口头阐述的形式翻译过来。因为口译是一种随时行的活动,换句话说,口译的过程,起初或最终的翻译文本都是对初始文稿进行一次性的阐述的过程中表现出来的,口译具有翻译所具有的相同点,它是翻译形式的一种特定形式,表现在都是不同语言之间的转换活动,语言转换之后应该与原来的语义相同,口译是在不一样的国度及语言文化之间而进行的交流活动。我们认为口译是一项技术,但是它更是一门艺术。准确的说,口译是跨国界、跨文化习俗、跨不同语种之间的交流艺术,所以口译具有与其他翻译形式的本质区别即口语性。有著名的口译专家将译员比作演员,认为译员如同演员一样,将从原语言中获得的信息艺术性的传递给别人。但是二者也是不同的,译员的工作环境是复杂的,是在巨大压力下进行的。因为译员是需要在瞬间做出对原语言的转换,由此可能造成交际上问题。所以译员不但要有超强的记忆能力,边阅读边做笔记的能力,翻译的技巧以及熟知不同文化的技巧,还要有卓越的表演技巧。换句话说,译员要有演说的技能,而且这是译员必须具备的技能,有时这项技能可能是翻译成功与否的关键。因此,大学英语教师在口语教学时要着重学生演说能力的培养。
二、演说的技巧
在西方国家中,高校都有开设演讲的课程。虽然我国高校也开始进行并重视英文演讲活动,但是我们可以看到一个事实,即中国大学生学习成绩优秀,但是实践操作或沟通交往的技能较弱。国际化对英语带来的影响是掀起了演讲的热潮,如今世界是一个善于表达的世界。英语表达能力是交际的重要能力,英语演讲教学是培养学生英语语言水平的行之有效的方法,是锻炼学生思维力的有效手段,也是增强学生交往能力的有效途径,是在未来竞争中需要掌握的至关重要的技能。目前我国高校英语演讲教学遇到困难,英语演讲教学作为选修课和课外活动,不能满足学生强烈的需要;大学生的英语口语水平不高;没有合适的英语演讲教科书;英语演讲教学方法没有有效的指导等等。一些学校通过开设英语公共演说课来提高学生英语演说的技巧。注重演讲的艺术性和措辞的正确性,汉语演讲技巧与英语演讲的迁移性,以演讲为主体,形成听、说、读、写、练的教学策略,这些对本科生英语演讲技能的提高具有重大的推动作用。
三、口译教学中演讲技能的培养
一名优秀的译员必须也是一位优秀的演讲者。译员与发言人一同出席相关的场合,译员要将发言人的言语翻译出来,并且要达到发言人讲话的效果,这不但要求翻译的内容精确,而且要求译员要得当的利用声调、动作、表情等。优秀的译员通过绘声绘色的演iJ撼染群众,是群众对其翻译的话语信服。但是译员与演讲者又是不同的,对于发言的内容与目的,译员是没有权利决定的,他不能主观臆测或修改发言内容,译员要做的就是尽其所能来传达发言者要表达的发言效果。这也是口译教学演讲中注重表达能力的原因,这里包含口头表达、肢体语言和神态语言,是说译员利用口头、身体、神态等方式将演讲效果达到最佳的效果。转述训练也是为了增强听者对其的信任,从而使翻译的效果达到完美的状态。
1.在上口译课之前,首先要将下次口译课的主要内容交代给学生,这样便于学生以此为依据去查找资料,准备演讲素材,在下次上口译课时做演讲,授课教师指定其他同学做泽员。同时教师要指导学生在搜集材料时,充分准备演讲素材。不可以直接从书中或网络上选取整篇的文章,要将选择的现成稿件进行修改,反复推敲,将稿件改写成口语化的讲话稿。在这个过程中,学生的思维能力得到了很好的锻炼。因为口语化的稿件对将来要担任译员的学生来讲,与其现实生活中的翻译场合更切合。还有就是教师要规定学生在演讲时,不可以一字不差的照念稿件,这样对学生演讲能力、记忆能力的培养都是不利的,同时也给译员造成相当大的困难。演讲的同学可以草拟一份提纲,如果在演讲时有忘记的地方可以看一下提纲,这是允许的。
2.在平时的口译教学中,授课教师要多关注学生口译练习过程中的发声问题,例如音量的大小、音高音低、语速的快慢、语调的抑扬顿挫、停顿是否得当等。还有就是译员在工作时一般都是使用麦克风讲话的,这就需要大家懂得使用麦克风的一些礼仪。另外,学生作为未来的译员,在练习时要得体的使用自己的体态和神态语言,比如手势、眼神、表情等。总而言之,就是学生在平时的口译教学中,教师要随时的提醒学生把每一次的练习当成是实战,认真对待自己的言行举止。
3.口译教学中,教师要使每一位同学都参加进来。即使是个别学生当演讲者,个别学生做译员,那么就让其他学生对演讲者和译员的表现进行评价。这样不但帮助演讲者和译员找出不足之处,同时也提升自己的能力。即使是在小组练习时也要按照这个程序进行,若没有小组,学生们可以将演讲和译员的翻译录音,利用课余时间进行重听,发现并弥补不足。为了培养学生的演讲能力,口译教师可以加大学生演讲的力度。比如口译课堂可以交给学生们,由学生自己完成整个口译课,从主题的选定,材料的搜集,演讲稿件的撰写,最后到演讲和翻译都是学生们完成的,这其实是很有效的授课方式。但是口译教师要掌握一个度,英语口译课的目的在于培养学生的口译技能,不反对学生演讲,但是不能作为口译课的主要内容,使英语口译课变成了演彭日果。因此授课教师要掌握好度,控制好演讲和口译的时间比。
四、结语
大学生的英语口译技能和演讲能力都是非常重要的,都越来越为社会、学校和广大师生所重视。学生们的知识和技能是相互联系,不可分割的,口译技能和演讲能力也不例外,授课教师可以利用有限的课上时间,培养学生的多种能力。利用英语口译课,培养和提高本科生的演讲技能,可谓是一举多得,不失为一种行之有效的办法。
参考文献:
[l]雷天放.口译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,200.6
[2]刘和平.口译技巧[M].北京中国对外翻译出版社公司,2003.
[3]刘承淑.口译的信息处理过程研究[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2010.
回顾一年来的工作总结，我们的主要预备党员转正申请书和体会是。
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1月份与市林业局联合下发2008年蚕场更新建设文件，一季度生产技术人员下乡到蚕场一线指导管理蚕场更新建设，律师事务所实结安排使用、宣传春季蚕场防火和禁止蚕场内开地，今春全市蚕场没工会工作总结一起火灾和毁蚕场开地事件，为2008年蚕业生产打下了良好基础。3月中旬先后派站里技术人员到省内个人学期总结所、蚕种场为全市蚕农调运蚕种210万粒，及时入窖。3至5月份生产一线技术人员6人先后三次下乡、进村入户宣传、协调、组织、落实2008年柞蚕生产计划。
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技术人员对全市蚕农进行全程技术指导，在制种、消毒、收蚁上山、出蚁场、进窝茧场、采摘、保管、销售各个生产关键时期指导在一线，全年投入生产指导、蚕业检查费用3000余元，使蚕农掌握了先进的养蚕技术和了解了当前总结动态。
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大学英语学习心得初投资12500元安装办公楼亮化。3月份投资4000元把北山蚕业示范园各库房安装了报警器。5月份投资30000余元维修了蚕业示范园门前道路300延长米，打水泥地面50平方米，安装卷帘窗6个工作平方米，粉刷制种室、催青室、饲育室、警卫室600平方米。加强园区环境建设，在东茧站、北山蚕业示范园栽花共400株。
五、加强领导。
我们始终把蚕期检查指导工作作为蚕业生产现场技术指导、树立干部形象、融洽干群关系重大举措。为加强蚕业技术指导力量，2008年8月16日至8月31日半个月时间，将人员分成两个组进行联合检查，第一组由副站长陈振禄带队，褚耀斌、沈利虎、乔世民、鲁先文五人组成，驾驶吉普车一台，对沙兰片进行检查指导；第二组由副站长朱玉国带队，侯印敏、刘程哲、濮春雨、王继宏、付国文六人组成，驾驶面包车一台，对××片、东京城片进行检查指导。经历半个月时间，两组下乡工作人员起早贪黑、马不停蹄、爬山涉水，保证工作质量、尽职尽责、认真细致，每一把、每一个场号都走到。顺利完成蚕期联合检查的各项任务，与蚕农建立了更加深厚的感情。
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协调农业、商务、财政、发改局、科委等各部门，积极申报项目。一是蚕业技术指导站柞蚕母种繁育中心项目，二是镜泊湖蚕业科技发展有限公司东桑西移项目，三是蚕业协会蚕业科技示范园项目，四是蚕业技术指导站无公害绿色食品柞蚕产业基地建设引进新品种新技术项目，现正在申报中。进行了“××市无公害柞蚕鲜蛹”换证申请，和××市蚕业专业合作社的申报。进行了黑龙江省农业“丰收计划奖”的计划落实和申报，取得了二等奖。办理注册了“××市镜泊湖蚕业科技发展有限公司”“××市蚕业协会”。
八、四蚕并进
小北湖是我国稀有物种天蚕的栖居地，先后多次去小北湖、镜泊湖一带进行天蚕资源踏查和诱蛾工作，了解天蚕的发生量及习性，了解发生区的气象水文，植被情况。使天蚕资源保护管理步入正轨，天蚕的可见区和发生核心区不断扩大，种群数量不断增加。抓好“东桑西移”“南蚕北移”的机遇，植桑439亩，发展桑蚕示范12户，养桑蚕12张。去江东林场采集核桃蚕茧100粒，去小北湖收核桃蚕蛾400只产卵0.4斤，进行观察研究。
