时间：2022-10-26 12:14:28
(一)本单元语言目标：
1. 谈论在学校和家庭中遇到的种种麻烦和问题。
2. 为他人找到合理的解决办法，提出相应的建议。
3. 为自己的问题找到解决办法。
(二)重点单词：
1. play v. 播放 2. loud adj. 高声的;大声的 3. argue v. 争论，争吵 4. wrong adj. 错误的;有毛病的;不适合的 5. could v. can的过去式 6. ticket n. 票，入场券
7. surprise v. 使惊奇;使意外 8. other adj. 任一的;(两方中的)每一方的
9. except prep. 除;把......除外 10. fail v. 失败 11. football n. 足球
12. until prep. 到......为止 13. fit v. 适合，适应 14. include v. 包括;包含
15. send v. 发送，寄 16. themselves pron. 他们自己(反身代词)
(三)重点词组：
1. keep out不让......进入
2. out of style不时髦的;过时的
3. call sb. up打电话给......
4. pay for付款
5. ask for要求
6. the same as与......同样的
7. in style时髦的;流行的
8. get on相处;进展
9. as much as possible尽可能多
10. all kinds of各种;许多
11. on the one hand, ......(在)一方面，......
12. on the other hand, ......另一方面，......
(四)重点句型：
1. What should I do?
我应该怎么做?
2. You could write him a letter.
你可以写信给他。
3. What should he do?
他应该怎么做?
4. Maybe he should say he's sorry.
也许他应该说抱歉。
5. What should they do?
他们应该怎么做?
6. They shouldn't argue.
他们不应该争吵。
(五)重点语法：
情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为"应该......"。
should(应当，应该)用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg. You should wait a little more.
你应该再多等一会儿。
--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。
--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。
在这个单元中我们还学到用"could"表示建议，这时could不是can的过去式，而表示比should更加委婉的建议。
--- I need some money to pay for the summer camp.
---- You should/ could borrow some money from your brother.
(六)知识点讲解：
1. I don't have enough money.
我没有足够的钱。
enough：adj.充足的、充分的，在句子中可作定语修饰名词，也可作表语。
eg. Do you have enough time?
Six pieces of paper will be enough.
2. I argued with my best friend.我与我的朋友吵架了。
argue with sb.意为"与......争吵，争论"
eg. He often argue with his classmates.
3. My clothes are out of style.
我的衣服过时了。
be out of style / fashion表示"过时""不合乎时尚"
反义词是"be in fashion"表示"合乎时尚"
eg. He is always in fashion.
The sofa is out of style, and I don't like it.
4. Maybe you should call him up.
(1)maybe是副词，用来表示推测，译为"也许，或许，大概"。
eg. Maybe you are right.
Maybe they will go out for a walk.
maybe不同于may be。maybe是一个词，是副词，may be是情态动词may加上动词原形be，意为"或许"，后接形容词、名词、代词等。
eg. It may be true.
He may be the man we are looking for.
(2)call sb up .打电话给某人
eg. I called up Zhang Hong at eight o'clock.
原句中him为代词，所以放在call和up之间，不能说成call up him。
eg. I'll call her up this afternoon.
Could you ask him to call me, please.在这个句子中，省略up。
5. I don't want to surprise him.
我不想使他惊讶。
在这句话中surprise是个行为动词，可以说成"surprise sb."，表示"使......惊讶"。
eg. The news surprises us greatly.
surprised adj.惊讶的
surprising adj.令人惊讶的
eg. I'm surprised to hear the news.
It's a surprising gift, and I love it.
6. No, he doesn't have any money, either.
不，他也没有钱。
either的用法：用作副词，用在否定句或否定词组后加强语气，表示"也"，"而且"。
eg. He doesn't like singing, and he doesn't like dancing, either.
either用作代词时，常表示"两者之中任何一个"，常与短语连用或用作宾语。
eg. Either of them will agree with you.
I don't like either of the books.
7. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.
我需要一些钱支付夏令营。
(1)need是个情态动词，也可以是行为动词。
当它是情态动词时，后边直接加行为动词，表示"需要"，但need作情态动词时一般不用于肯定句。它一般用于否定句和疑问句中，例如：
①You need not meet him.你不必见他。
②Need I repeat it?我有必要重复它吗?
对上一句的简略回答为：Yes, you need. No, you needn't.
此外情态动词must提问时，否定回答时为No, ... needn't。
例如：Must he finish the homework now?
Yes, he must. No, he needn't.
当need作行为动词时，同其他行为动词一样对待，need后加不定式为"need to do"。
例如：I need to finish the work.
变为疑问句时，不能像它作情态动词时直接提前，而要加助动词do/ does/ did等，例如：
He needs to write many words.
改成一般问句：Does he need to write many words?
他需要写许多字吗?
Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
(2)(sb.)pay(money)for sth.为......而付款
(sb.)spend(money)on sth在......上花多少钱
(sth.)cost sb.(money)什么东西值多少钱
这三个短语都是表示付款。但pay, spend指的是"人"，主语为人，而cost指的是"物"，主语为"物"。
例如说他昨天花10元买了一本书。用以上三个短语分别为：
①He paid 10 yuan for the book yesterday.
②He spent 10 yuan on the book yesterday.
③The book cost him 10 yuan yesterday.
注意以上三个动词的动词过去式为：
pay---paid spend ---- spent cost----cost
以上三个例句的翻译为：
①他昨天为这本书付了10元钱。
【重点短语】
1. fewer people 更少的人(fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定)
2. less free time 更少的空闲时间(less修饰不可数名词，表示否定)
3. in ten years 10年后(in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon)
4. fall in love with… 爱上…
例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once
当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他
5. live alone 单独居住
6. feel lonely 感到孤独(比较：live alone/go along等)
The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn’t feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独
7. keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪
8. fly to the moon 飞上月球
9. hundreds of +复数 数百/几百(概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of)
10. the same as 和……相同
11. A be different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)
12. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人”
13. get bored 变得厌倦(get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等)
14. go skating 去滑冰(类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等)
15. lots of/a lot of 许多(修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以)
16. at the weekends 在周末
17. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习
18. agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见)
19. I don’t agree. = I disagree. 我不同意
20. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上(注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词)
21. on vacation 度假
22. help sb with sth/help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事
23. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼
24. live in an apartment 住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor 住在12楼
25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号
26. as a reporter 作为一名记者
27. look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明
28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗
29. in the future 在将来/在未来
30. no more=not …anymore 不再(强调多次发生的动作不再发生)I’ll go there no more.
31. no longer=not… any longer 不再(强调状态不再发生)
32. besides(除…之外还，包括)与except …but(除…之外，不包括)
33. be able to与can 能、会
l (be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中;have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态)例如：
1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. (不可以用can)
2. had to stay at home/ will have to (不可以用must)
34.be big and crowded 大而且拥挤
34. be in college 在上大学
35. live on a space station 住在空间站
36. dress casually 穿得很随意casual clothing 休闲服饰
37. win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯 win award 获僵
38. come true 变成现实
39. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间
40. be fun to watch 看起来有趣
41. over and over again 一次又一次
42. be in different shapes 形状不同
43. twenty years from now 今后20年【本单元目标句型】
1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?
2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.
l fewer; less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词;more二者都可以修饰。
3. Will kids go to school? No, they won’t/Yes, they will。
4. Predicting the future can be difficult.
5. I need to look smart for my job interview.
6. I will be able to dress more casually.
7. I think I’ll go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.
8. What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?
9. That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.
【知识归纳】
形容词，副词的比较等级考查热点透视：
a)表示A与B在程度上相同b)时，c) “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不d)如B时，e)可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。
f)表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时，g)可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构
h)表示三者或三者以上的比较，i)其中一个在程度上“最…..”时，j)常用“the+形容词或副词的级”结构，k)后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意：副词的级在句中常省略“the”.)
l)在形容词或副词的比较级前，m)可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰，n)以加强语气。
o)表示“越来越….”时，p)常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构，q)但要注意，r)对于多音节和部分双音节形容词，s)副词而t)言，u)若要表达此意时，v)要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。
w)在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时，x)常使用 “one of+the+形容词级形式+名y)词复z)数”结构，aa)其中的定冠词the不bb)可以省略。
cc)如果强调“两者中比较…的(一个)”的意思时，dd)可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。
ee)表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级，ff)the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。
2 .一般将来时
一般将来时的构成：由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll， will not常简略为won’t。这个时态的肯定，否定和疑问结构可表示如下：
肯定句否定句疑问句
I (We)shall(will) go.
You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)shall(will) not go.
You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?
Will you (he, she, they) go?
用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时，表示将要发生的事，打算或决定要做的事。
b)一般将来时的用法：1)表示将要发生的动作或情况;2) 不以人的意志为转移，肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。
3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”，句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”，所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后，或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时，它可以与将来时态连用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法区别：more为many, much的比较级，意为“更多”，可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级，意为“更好，较少”，修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级，意为“更少”，修饰可数名词复数。
【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点，几个”。
5.would like sth意思为“想要某物“; would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时，其肯定回答为 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but….”
6. Such作形容词，意思是“如此的”“这样的”，修饰各种名词。
Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。
Such常和as搭配，表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。
Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配，表示“如此….以至于…”如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
Such…that…和so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词，所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如
They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.
如果名词是可数名词的单数形式，such和so的位置不同：
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词
如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数，只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词
如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时，用so，不用such.
当little表示“年纪小的”时，可用such+little+名词。
7.be able to 为“能，会”，表示能力，在这个意义上与can的意思相同，一般情况下两者可以互换，但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to则用于更多的时态，主要体现在be的变化。
两者在用法上有一些差异：can (could)表示主观能力不表示意愿，它的将来时用will be able to而 be able to表示主观意愿强调克服困难做某事。【重点语法】
一般将来时
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：
1.含tomorrow; next短语; 2.in+段时间 ; 3.how soon;
4.by+将来时间; 5.by the time sb.do… 6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do
例Be quick, or you will be late=If you don’t be quick, you will be late
7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day
比较be going to 与will:
be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。
如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.
2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.
3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：
She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.
4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：
If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。
be going to do (动词原形)结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.
will do 结构表示将来的用法：
1. 表示预见
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意图
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本构成如下：
一般疑问句构成：
(1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
(2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t
否定句构成：will + not (won’t)+do
Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑问句构成：
特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根据例句，用will改写下列各句
例：I don’t feel well today. (be better tomorrow) I’ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight)
_____________________________
2. I’m tired now. (sleep later)
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)
_____________________________
4. We can’t leave right now. (leave a little later)
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow)
_____________________________
答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I’ll sleep later. 3. They’ll buy one soon.
知识运用（共25分）四、单项填空。（共13分，每小题1分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的选项。22. He said: “Mary, I will call you later.” He told Mary he would call _______ later.A. him B. her C. me D. you23. I think there will be ______trees in the future if we often cut down the trees to make houses.A. less B. more C. fewer D. many24. He usually has breakfast at home ________ Sundays.A. in B. on C. at D. of25. ---What were you doing this time yesterday?---I _______ some cleaning at home.A. am doing B. was doing C. do D. did26. ____ the students were talking and laughing, the teacher came into the classroom.A. While B. Until C. Because D. If27. Tom always gets ______ when he sees his report card from school because he doesn’t do well in all the subjects.A. surprised B. strange C. interested D. nervous28. --- Where are you going on May Day?---I don’t want to go ________. Many people are here and there.A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere29. ---I am going to bring my new IPad to school.---Oh, no, are you mad? If the teacher knows, he _____let you in.A. doesn’t B. didn’t C. haven’t D. won’t30. My friend had a fight with me, she didn’t talk to me. What ______ I do?A. might B. should C. must D. may31. Teaching in the mountain area is an unusual ________ for Yang Lei.A. experience B. exercise C. example D. excuse32. The plane from Beijing to Shanghai is supposed to ________at 6:30a.m. tomorrow.A. find out B. take off C. call up D. keep out33. ---What makes you ________ I am a professional athlete?---I think you look strong and healthy.A. to think B. think C. thinking D. will think34. Do you know __________ the Art Museum? ---Next Friday.A. when we will visit B. when we visitedC. when will we visit D. when did we visit五、完形填空（共12分，每小题1分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择选项。When you’re a teenager, a huge problem might be that you just have to have a new CD, 35 your parents won’t give you the money for it. I thought life was sounfair when things like this happened—until September 11, 2001.I was in P.E. when the planes hit the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. As soon as I got home and for weeks after, I saw the disaster shown on TV. Seeing the innocent people running for their 36 as the debris(瓦砾) started coming down the fire and smoke rose out of the buildings brought tears to my eyes. I couldn’t help imagining what the people on the 37 and in the buildings were thinking and going through, not 38 what was going on. I admired the courage of the firefighters who rushed in and risked their own lives to 39 others. It tore my heart apart to watch the hopeless looks on the faces of so many people who didn’t know if their loved ones were dead or alive while 40 in all the debris.Then it 41 me: All my life I had thought mainly of myself. I had it easy in life and had been taking it all for granted.A feeling of coldness ran down my back, and I cried just thinking of the possibility that it could have easily 42 to my family. My mom or dad could have been killed like that, and I would never, ever see them again. I began to evaluate what a real need in life was.This disaster 43 me that awful things can happen to anyone at any time. Now when my mom or dad or sister go somewhere, even if it’s just to the store, I try to remember to tell them that I love them because I know there is a 44 that I may never tell them that again.Not getting a new CD is not going to make or 45 my life. I can live with those kinds of problems. But losing someone I love would 46 make my life miserable.9/11 showed me just what I am.35. A. so B. but C. or D. for36. A. families B. lives C. houses D. friends37. A. streets B. planes C. corners D. seats38. A. believing B. thinking C. knowing D. caring39. A. save B. join C. meet D. calm40. A. hidden B. found C. trapped D. placed41. A. pushed B. surprised C. told D. hit42. A. turned B. compared C. came D. happened43. A. taught B. reminded C. seemed D. influenced44. A. story B. doubt C. chance D. plan45. A. change B. break C. spare D. end46. A. rather B. usually C. probably D. truly阅读理解（共44分）六、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择选项。（共26分，每小题2分）AHere is the timetable of science activities in the Children’s Palace.Time tableMonday19:00 — 21:30Space and ManDr. Thomas WestWould you like to know more about the outer space?(4 weeks) Tuesday18:30 — 20:30PhotographyMr. Brown from ItalyLearn to take good pictures, please bring your own camera.(5 weeks) Wednesday18:30 — 21:00Computer ScienceProf. Harry Morison from Oxford UniversityLearn how to use Windows 2000. (12 weeks)Thursday19:00 — 21:00Modern MedicineProf. Lucy GreenWould you like to know medical advances?(4 weeks) Saturday14:00 — 17:00Technical EnglishProf. Rose BeetDo you want to learn the technical words and articles?(16 weeks) Sunday8:30 — 11:30Exhibition of Personal InventionsYou can see many inventions by the students; you may also bring your own inventions.(2 weeks)47. If you want to know more about Modern Medicine, whose class should you go to _______.A. Dr. Thomas West B. Prof. Harry MorisonC. Prof. Rose Beet D. Prof. Lucy Green48. The computer science class may last for about ________ .A. 2 weeks B. 4 weeks C. 12 weeks D. 16 weeks49. The teacher who teaches photography is from ______.A. England B. Italy C. America D. ChinaB.Everyone has a dream job and we all hope our dreams can come true. Mr Black works as a reporter at a TV station. He wants to know what jobs teenagers are going to do when they grow up. He went to the Evergreen School to do a survey last Friday.Mr Black asked the students to discuss with each other and then fill in the form with a pen. He told them to tell the truth. Mr Black thought most students would be teachers. The teacher is one of the best professions in the world. Maybe some students would be scientists. Rich knowledge would help them. A few students would be soldiers because they could keep our country beautiful and peaceful.Teachers helped Mr Black before school was over. They gave out one thousand eight hundred papers to the students. When the survey’s result came out, Mr Black and the teachers were surprised. Please look at the results.profession actor(actress) scientist teacher sports player soldier farmer(or else)Proportion(比例) 30% 25% 20% 15% 5% 5%50. From the first paragraph, we know this passage may talk about__________.A. teenagers’ dream jobs B. Mr Black and his jobC. how dreams come true D. how to make a survey51. Why did Mr Black do a survey last Friday?A. Because he wanted to find a job for himself.B. Because he wanted to know about students’ dream jobs.C. Because he was always interested in doing a survey.D. Because he wanted to know how much money teenagers got a week.52. How many teenagers want to be teachers in the future?A. 90. B. 360. C. 900. D. 1800.C.In a room at Texas Children Cancer Center in Houston, eight-year-old Simran Jatar lay in bed with a drip (点滴) above her to fight her bone cancer. Over her bald (秃的) head, she wore a pink hat that matched her clothes. But the third grader’s cheery dressing didn’t mask her pain and weary eyes.Then a visitor showed up. “Do you want to write a song?” asked Anita Kruse, 49, rolling a cart equipped with an electronic keyboard, a microphone and speakers. Simran stared. “Have you ever written a poem?” Anita Kruse continued. “Well, yes,” Simran said.Within minutes, Simran was reading her poem into the microphone. “Some bird soaring through the sky,” she said softly. “Imagination in its head…” Anita Kruse added piano music, a few warbling (鸣, 唱) birds, and finally the girl’s voice. Thirty minutes later, she presented Simran with a CD of her first recorded song.That was the beginning of Anita Kruse’s project, Purple Songs Can Fly, one that has helped more than 125 young patients write and record songs. As a composer and pianist who had performed at the hospital, Kruse said that the idea of how she could help “came in one flash”.The effect on the kids has been great. One teenage girl, curling (蜷缩) in pain in her wheelchair, stood unaided to dance to a hip-hop song she had written. A 12-year-old boy with Hodgkin’s disease who rarely spoke surprised his doctors with a song he called I Can Make It.“My time with the kids is heartbreaking because of the badness of their illnesses,” says Anita Kruse. “But they also make you happy, when the children are smiling, excited to share their CD with their families.”Simran is now an active sixth grader and cancer-free. From time to time, she and her mother listen to her song, Always Remembering, and they always remember the “really sweet and nice and loving” lady who gave them a shining moment in the dark hour.53. Simran Jatar lay in bed in hospital because ______.A. she was receiving treatment for cancerB. most of her hair had fallen outC. she felt depressed and quit from schoolD. she was suffering from a pain in her back54. What do we know about Anita Kruse’s project?A. It aims to replace the medical treatment.B. It is supported by singers and patients.C. It helps young patients record songs.D. It offers patients chances to realize their dreams.55. What does the case of a 12-year-old boy suggest?A. Most children are naturally fond of music.B. He was brave enough to put up performance.C. Singing is the best way to treat some illnesses.D. The project has positive effect on young patients.56. What is probably the best title for the passage?A. Singing Can Improve Health B. Purple Songs Can FlyC. A Shining Moment in Life D. A Kind Woman—Anita KruseD.“Mind your own business.” we’re told．“Don’t talk about others behind their backs．”The problem with this advice is that，not only is it unrealistic，it’s also counterproductive(起反作用的)．Common sense holds that gossip(流言蜚语)hurts people’s feelings and damages relationships．But recent research shows the opposite—that strong communities and relationships between people would be impossible without gossip．Gossip is a way for people to let you know the limits of social behavior．“If you move into a community and your neighbor tells you how the former homeowner never dealt with his rubbish properly，his gossip is letting you in on something，”says Dr．Ralph Rosnow of Temple University．“Gossip says：these are the boundaries and you are crossing them．You’re not abiding by the rules and you’d better get back in line．” Seen this way，gossip is a way to communicate criticism without conflict(冲突)，giving you a chance to change your behavior without losing face．On the other hand，what about ill-willed gossip，the kind that puts other people down? Gossip is hearing something we like about someone we don’t and，in nearly every country in the world，gossip magazines have huge numbers of readers．According to researchers，however，this kind of gossip also has a good side because it helps us put our own problems in perspective(正确地)．“If we read bad news about well-known people，or get the frightful details of our neighbors’ bad situation over a cup of coffee，our own problems begin to pale in comparison，”says Dr．Jack Levin of Northeastern University．However, that doesn’t mean that gossip is necessarily a good thing，either．Researchers found that people who gossip a lot tend to feel like they’re under a lot of stress．This might be because while they’re busy talking about other people，they’re also busy thinking what other people are saying about them．57．What is the purpose of the text?A．To encourage us to spread gossip about others．B．To prevent us from spreading gossip about others.C．To make a comparison between good gossip and bad gossip．D．To recognize certain positive functions of gossip．58．According to the passage，people in general think that__________．A．nobody pays attention to gossipB．it’s a bad habit to gossipC．not all the gossip you hear is worth believingD．it’s necessary to have a nice gossip with a friend or neighbor59．It could be learned from the passage that_________．A．people under much stress enjoy gossiping about othersB．in fact most people tend to believe gossipC．in a way gossip helps us deal with our own problemsD．the more there is gossip，the stronger relationships become between people七、阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。（共8分，每小题2分）AFor many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job. (60)_______________, you’ll be able to make a living doing something you love. If you become famous, people all over the world will know you. Many athletes give money to schools and charities, and do a lot of work to help people. (61)____________.However, professional athletes can also have many problems. (62)____________, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere. This can make life difficult.(63)_________________, your job will sometimes be very dangerous. Many professional athletes get injured. And if you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are. In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy. They say they were happier before they became rich and famous.A. If you are famousB. This is a great chance that many people do not haveC. If you play sports for a livingD. If you are richE. If you become a professional athleteBRobots seem very new to most people. But they have a long history. The first one was made by a Greek inventor.(64)_________________.The robots in these films are stronger, faster and cleverer than people. In real life, most robots are used in factories. They are used to do many dangerous, difficult or boring jobs. (65)_________________.For example, some people can’t see, many of these people use a dog to help themselves move around .This dog is called a guide dog . (66)_________________. In the future, robot dogs might take the place of (代替) these guide dogs(67)_________________.At one hospital, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to the sick people’s rooms. It never loses its way because it has a map of the hospital in its computer system.In the future, robots will work in space. But robots will never take the place of human help. They can, however, help us in a lot of different ways.A. Scientists are making a robot dog to help themB. You may see robots in some filmsC. In fact, robots are not as clever as humansD. Some people can’t look after themselves and robots are used to help themE. Robots are also used in American hospitals八、阅读短文回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）A bottle of water may not seem like much to you, but it can save the day for people who live in drought-hit (遭受旱灾) areas in China.In the past few months, some places in southwest China experienced a serious drought. In Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Chongqing, there has been very little rain since last autumn. Crops died, the land cracked, and wells and rivers dried up. More than 20 million people are having difficulty finding safe drinking water.After learning about the drought, many people around the country helped by giving water, money and other resources.Last week, China asked every member of the Communist Youth League and Young Pioneers to give one bottle of water to the drought-hit area. Students in primary schools and middle schools quickly joined the activity.“A bottle of water isn’t much, but thousands of bottles will be of great use,” said Zhang Zihao, a middle school student at Tongling No. 1 Middle School in Anhui.In Yuhua Primary School in Xi’an, 900 students bought over 1,000 bottles of water with their pocket money. They also wrote their wishes on the bottles.The serious drought has also made students realize the importance of saving water.Students from Nanshan Middle School in Huizhou in Guangdong went on the street to tell people to take part in water-saving activities.“I heard that some children in drought-hit areas don’t have enough drinking water. They have to drink muddy water. I feel really sad about that,” said one student. “I decided to take a shower twice a week instead of every day to save water.” he said.68. Did some places in southwest China experience a serious drought in the past few months?____________________________________________________________________69. How many people are having difficulty finding safe drinking water?____________________________________________________________________70. What did China ask every member of the Communist Youth League and Young Pioneers to give?____________________________________________________________________71. What influence did the drought have on some children’s life?____________________________________________________________________72. What can we learn from the passage?____________________________________________________________________书面表达 （共25分）九、完成句子。（共10分，每小题2分）73.对不起，今天不能和你一起去游泳，明天怎样？I am sorry I can’t go swimming with you today. ____________tomorrow?74. 赶快！该是回家时候了。Hurry up! _________________________home.75. 他每天晚上11点才能上床睡觉。He __________________eleven o’clock every night.76. 那位老人迷路了，因此他不得不找警察求助。The old lost his way, so he had to ____________________________.77.我发现每天我们花半个小时时间尽可能多读英语是非常困难。I find ____________for us to spend half an hour _________________ every day.十、文段表达。（共15分）根据中文和英文提示，Looking for Help的生活出现了许多困惑，请根据他的来信为他写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的回信。Dear Mr. Know-all,I have problems, and I need your help. I always thought I was popular at school. But I just found out that my friends were planning a trip, yet they didn’t invite me. Another disappointing thing is that recently we had some tests, and I did badly in some of them. Besides, my parents ask me to take extra classes on Weekends and I don’t have any free time. What should I do?Looking for Help
( ) 1. Mo Yan is one of most popular writers in the world. He was honest boy when he was child.
A. a; a B. a; an C. the; a D. the; an
( ) 2.I’m a teenager and I don’t play with soft toys any longer.
A. no longer; / B. no; longer C. / ; no longer D. no; any longer
( ) 3. ---How long your uncle this personal computer ?
--- Since ten years ago. He wants to buy a new one.
A. have; had B. has; bought C. have ; bought D. has; had
( ) 4. Hurry up! The piano concert for five minutes.
A. had begun B. has been on C. has begun D. began
( ) 5. --- Long time no see your father! Where has he ?
--- He has Beijing for a month. He’ll be back next week.
A. been; been in B. gone; been C. been; been to D. gone; gone to
( ) 6. My mother used to the song “Where’s time going?” . Now she is used to it.
A. hating; listen B. hated; listened to C. hate; listening to D. hating; listening
( ) 7. The cleaner in Zhengzhou said, “ things we do, environment we’ll have” .
A. More; better B. The more; the better C. Fewer ; The less D. The fewer; better
( ) 8. Yu Gong didn’t need to move the mountains, He could think of ways to solve his problem .
A. other B. another C. others D. else
( ) 9. Mr Green isn’t here, He with his family home in England .
A. have been B.has been C.has gone back D.have gone
( ) 10. Kate was ill last week . But she is to go to school today.
A. good enough B.enough well C.well enough D.enough good
( ) 11. I have never read book that I can’t put it down .
A. such an excellent B. a such excellent C. such excellent a D. so an excellent
( ) 12. My headteacher saw her up some rubbish while he by .
A. pick; was passing B. picking; was passing C. was picking; was passing D. picking; passed
( ) 13. “How long will you this book?” said the librarian.
A. borrow B. buy C. keep D. have
( ) 14. --- Could you please help me the exercise books to the class? --- No problem.
A. take out B. give out C.work out D. put out
( ) 15. I'm new here. Could you please tell me ________?
A. what is the building used for B. when does the first class begin
C. where is the dining hall D. how many classes our school has
二、完形填空(15分)
Long long ago, there was a swan(天鹅)with golden feathers(金羽毛).She lived in a lake. A woman lived in a small house near the lake 1 her two daughters. They were very poor. They worked hard all year round, but still, they lived a 2 life and sometimes they even didn’t have enough money to buy food.
The swan was sad to see that. She said to 3 , “I’ll give one of my feathers to them each day, then they can live a happy life with the money selling my feathers.” That evening, she flew to the poor woman’s house and 4 a golden feather on the table without saying anything .From then on, the swam came every day and gave them a feather. The woman was very happy 5 their life was much better than before.
But day after day, the woman became greedy(贪婪).She said to her 6 .”The swan may fly away one day. If so, we will be poor again. We should take all her feathers when she comes next time.”
“Oh, no, Mom!” cried the daughters, “This will 7 the swan. She helps us a lot !”But the mother wouldn’t listen. When the swan came as 8 , the mother caught her and took all her feathers. But suddenly, the golden feathers 9 chicken feathers.
Then ,the Golden Swan said, “Poor Mother, I came to help you, but you wanted to kill me. Now, I am leaving and will never come back. Never be greedy!” With these 10 , the swan flew away.
( )1. A. for B. with C.without D. on
( )2. A. hard B. good C. happy D. easy
( )3. A. her B. herself C. them D. myself
( )4. A. gave B. brought C. returned D. left
( )5. A. because B. while C. after D. unless
( )6. A. sons B. husband C. daughters D. sister
( )7. A. hurt B. save C. protect D. refuse
( )8. A. general B. usual C. normal D. common
( )9. A. heard of B. looked for C.changed into D. came from
( )10. A. letters B. words C. thoughts D. Sentences三、阅读理解(40分)
A
Mr. and Mrs. Turner live outside a small town. They have a b ig farm and they are always busy working on it. Their son, Peter, studied at a middle school. The young man studied hard and did well in his lessons. It made them happy.
Last month Peter finished middle school and passed the entrance examination (升学考试). Mrs. Turner was very happy and told the farmers about it.
Yesterday morning the woman went to the town to buy something for her son. On the bus she told one of her friends how clever and able her son was. She spoke very loudly. All the people in the bus began to listen to her.
“Which university (大学) will your son study in?” a woman next to her asked.
“In the most famous university in our country!” Mrs. Turner said happily.
“The most famous university?”
“Oxford University (牛津).”
Most of the pas sengers (乘客) looked at her carefully. Some of them said to her, “Congratulations!”
A woman said, “I'm sure he'll know Fred Smith.”
“Who's Fred Smith?”
“He's my son.”
“Does he study in the university, too?”
“No, ”said the woman. “He is one of the professors.”
( )l. The story happened in ________.
A. America B. France C. Germany D. England
( )2. Mr. and Mrs. Turner were happy because ________.
A. their son did well in his lessons B. they have a big farm
C. they h ave a good harvest D. their son studied at a middle school
( )3. Mrs. Turner wanted everyone to know ________.
A. her son finished middle school B. her son was handsome
C. her son wa s going to study in a university D. her son was very friendly to others
( )4. Mrs. Turner spoke so loudly in the bus that __________.
A. her friend could hear her B. all the people could hear her
C. she hoped to make all the people happy D. she hoped they would say congratulations to her
( )5. Which of the following is true? __________.
A. The woman wasn't interested in Mrs. Turner's words B. Mrs. Turner knew nothing about the famous university
C. The woman wanted to stop Mrs. Turner from showing off (炫耀)
D. The woman next to Mrs. Turner wanted to show off her son, too
B
If you have no special plans for your holidays, why not spend your time helping others?
Don’t listen to people who say the young people today often think only of themselves. It’s not true at all. More and more people in the USA volunteer to spend their school holidays working for others. And they don’t do it for money. Here are some of thei r stories.
Alice Hamilton, 17
I’m going to help the Forest Centre build new hiking paths in the mountains. It’s going to be terrific—I’ll spend the whole summer living in the tent and breathing the clean mountain air. I’m going to sleep under the stars. It’ll be a nice sport, and I’ll be able to do something good at the same time.
Jason Moore,18
This summer, I’m going to volunteer with Special House Program. They build good, low-cost houses and sell them to families that are not very rich. They’ll teach me what to do, so I’ll help people and also have a chance to learn how to build houses.
Trish Anderson, 16
I’m going to teach kids who have trouble reading. I’ll work for a program called Reading For Life. Every d ay, I’m going to help kids choose and read books that they like. I want to be a teacher and I love children and reading, so this is going to be a great experience for me.
( )6. Young people in the USA volunteer to spend ___ helping others.
A. school holidays B. Weekdays C. every morning D. every afternoon
( )7. What does Alice volunteer to do in summer?
A. To breathe the clean mountain air B. To spend the whole summer living in the tent
C. To sleep under the stars D. To help build new hiking paths in the mountain
( )8. From the passage, we know that Special House Program helps .
A. children in poor families B. workers who build houses
C. poor families can’t afford houses D. build hiking paths
( )9.______ wants to be a teacher.
A. Alice Hamilton B. Jason Moore C. Trish Anderson D. none of them
( )10. Which is the most possible title for this passage?
A. Reading for life B. A Special House Program
C. The Forest Centre D. Young American Volunteers
C
Friday，March 30th
Our trip to Chiang Rai was long and boring. We visited a small village in the mountains. The village people here love the quiet life -- no computers or phones. They are the kindest people I have ever met. They always smile and say “hello”. Kathy and I can only speak a few words of Thai, so smiling is the best way to show our kindness. I feel good here and hope to be able to come back next year.
( )11. The diaries above show the writer’s _________days in Thailand.
A. 3 B. 7 C. 15 D. 30
( )12. It seems that visitors _________ in Bangkok.
A. often feel hungry B. can always find cheap things
C. can’t take any photos D. can enjoy themselves
( )13. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Chiang Mai is a beautiful city in the south of Thailand. B. The writer left Chiang Mai for Chiang Rai by bus.
C. Chiang Rai is a boring city in the mountains. D. The writer is traveling alone in Thailand.
( )14. The people in the village _________.
A. are friendly to others B. like to speak English
C. are very weak D. hope to live in the cities
( )15. The best title of this article is_________.
A. My First Travel B. The Outside World
C. Traveling in Thailand D. A Country on the Train
D
James Michener, a famous American writer donated at least 90 per cent of what he made from his 43 novels. He seemed to donate more than this. At his death, in October 1997, he had gave away US$ 117 million.
Michener made a good example, not just in how much he gave, but in his style of giving. The writer worked hard at doing good (行善). He usually follows up his donations to see how the money was used and he had a lot of fun in doing so.
Michener was 90 when he died. He was the only writer on the list of American’s top 25 philanthropists (慈善家). He gave his donations to the college he went to. Michener gave to his college-–US$72million to Swarthmore. He said, “I am from a family without any money, the college made me from darkness into light.’’
Michener was married three times, but he had no children. For his last 15 years, he lived quietly in Austin, Texas. He moved there to write the 1,000-page novel. The film called South Pacific was inspired (改编))by his first book，Tales of the South Pacific, written when he
was 40.
( )16. Michener died in __________.
A. 1991 B. 1994 C. 1997 D. 2000
( )17. Michener cared about __________ after he donated.
A. how much money he gave away B. how the money was used
C. when the money was given back D. how much fun he had
( )18. Michener came from a __________ family.
A. rich B. poor C. big D. small
( )19. What’s the name of the college which Michener went to?
A. Austin B. Texas C. Oxford D. Swarthmore
( )20. He wrote his first book __________.
A. when he moved to Austin. B. in his last 15 years.
C. when he was married for the third time. D. at the age of 40.四、词汇运用(10分)
with language understand use if make kind help another in they unless
There are a lot of 1 in the world. But the most widely spoken language is English. Many people u___2___ and use it all over the world. Indeed, English is a very important and language. ___4_____ we know English, we can hardly travel anywhere and we will have difficulty 5 ourselves understood. English is greatly used in study of all 6 of subjects. Several books are written 6 English every day to teach people many useful things. Therefore, the English language has 8 to spread(传播) knowledge to all parts of the world.
English has also served to bring together the different peoples of the world by helping 9 to talk with one 10 .
1. ________2. _________3. __________ 4. __________ 5.__________
6.___________7. __________8. ____________9. ____________ 10._________
五、补全对话(5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
根据下面的对话情景，在每一个空白处填上一个恰当的句子，使对话的意义连贯、完整。
A: Have you heard that we are going to have an English speech contest next month?
B: Yes. 76._____________________________________?
A: Yes, of course. You know I love English and I’m good at spoken English.
B: I know it’s a piece of cake for you. But 77.____________________________.
A: Take it easy. Practice makes perfect. 78._____________________________.
B: I hope so. 79._________________________________________?
A: Sure, I’d love to. The first thing is to choose a good topic. 80.________________?
B: Not yet. There are so many topics to talk about. I really don’t know which one is better.
Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?一.基础知识讲解.What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm?昨天当暴风雨来临的时候人们正在做些什么？【解析1】过去进行时过去进行时态⑴ .用法：①过去某个时间正在发生的动作 He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。②过去某段时间正在发生的动作 I was staying here from March to May last year.去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。⑵ .与过去进行时连用的时间状语，常见的有 at nine last night/ at that time= then/at this time yesterday /或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示⑶ 过去进行时的构成：waswere +现在分词⑷ 过去进行时的四个基本句型 肯定句 He was cooking at six last night. 否定句 He was not cooking at six last night. 一般疑问句 Was he cooking at six last night? 两回答 Yes ,he was. No, he wasn’t. 特殊疑问句 What was he doing at six last night?⑸ 过去进行时的固定句型 Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。 Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。 Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。⑹请比较 He watched TV last night. （过去时间last night, 用一般过去时） He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进行时)
五、选择填空
A. 从下面方框中选出与下列各句中划线部分意思相同或相近、并能替换划线部分的选项。
(共4小题，每小题1分，计4分)
A. in style B. one more C. return it D. took place
26. Let’ see another one on the line.
27. When will you give it back to me.
28. The murder happened about thirty years ago.
29. Her clothes are always fashionable.
B. 从各题的A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。 (共17小题，每小题1分，计17分)
30. There ____ a meeting at 4 o’clock this afternoon.
A．will have B．will be C．will to be
31. The man doesn’t have ____, so he is _____.
A．enough friends, lonely enough B．friends enough, enough lonely C． enough friends, alone enough
32. Mother ____ while father ______ his car.
A．was cooking, washed B．cooked, was washing C．was cooking, was washing
33. I was never ______receive a _______result from my science teacher.
A．surprised, disappointed B．surprised, disappointing C．surprising, disappointed
34. You are tired. ______a rest?
A. Why stop to have B．Why not stop to have C．Why not stop having
35.---What did your son say in the letter?
---He told me that he ______the Great Wall the next day?
A．will visit B．has visited C．would visit
36. --- ____borrow your dictionary?
--- Yes, you can ____ it for two days.
A．May, keep B．Can, borrow C．May, borrow
37.--- Didn’t the sleeping pills work?
---_____. I slept well last night.
A．Yes, they do B．Yes , they did C．No, they didn’t
38. Lisa was supposed ____ her homework before nine o’clock. But she couldn’t.
A．to finish B．to finishing C．finishing
39. ---I’m sorry I _____my exercise book at home.
---Don’t forget ____it here tomorrow, please.
A．forgot, to take B．left, to bring C．left, to take
40. _____ useful invention the computer is!
A．What a B．What an C．How a
41. I don’t know if she _____. If she_____, let me know.
A．comes, comes B．will come, comes C．comes, will come
42. We ____1000 English words since we ____ to this school.
A．lean, come B．have learning, came C．have learned, came
43. ---Would you please ____ football near my home?
---___________.
A．not to play, No B．not play, Yes, I will do that again C．not play, Sorry, I won’t do that again
44. Mr. Green told us ____ too much time_____ reading novels.
A．don’t take, on B．not to take, in C．not to spend, in
45. Neither the students nor the teacher ____ the answer to the question.
A．know B．knows C．doesn’t know
46. Mr. Jack ____China for several years.
A．has been to B．has come to C．has been in
B. 补全对话。根据对话内容，从右边方框中选出适当的选项补全对话，并将选项的编号字母依次填写在答题卡相应的位置上。(共4小题，每小题1分，计4分)
A. I will be an astronaut.
B. I will fly rockers to the space.
C. What do you think your life will be like in the future?
D. But where will you live?
L: Do you know Shenzhou-9 has been set up into space successfully?___47.___
K: I think _____48_______
L: An astronaut? Are you kidding?
K: No, I am serious. Perhaps we will have personal rockets. ____49____May be there will be flights to other planets.
L: Oh, that sounds great!_____50_____
K: I will live on a space station.
L: I think it will be very interesting.
K: I’m sure.
六、完型填空。分别通读下面两篇短文，根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。 (共20小题，每小题1分;计20分)
A.
Not long ago, there was a story in Russia about ZHOYA and SHULA. They were sister and brother. They were in 51 same class of a middle school. They studied hard. They were 52 strict 53 themselves. Their homework was given the day before. SHULA was clever. He had done his homework earlier. But ZHOUYA hadn’t yet. The next afternoon she went on doing hers.
SHULA thought his sister maybe couldn’t finish some of the exercises. So he put his exercise-book with answers on his sister’s desk before ZHOYA came in the classroom, and went out quietly to play. A few minutes later, ZHOYA came in and saw her brother’s exercise-book on her desk. But she had never looked at it all. She sat on her seat, thinking and thinking. Five minutes, ten minutes, half an hour had ___54 . An hour and a half 55 , she worked out all problem at last and handed it in on time that afternoon. How happy she was!
“Why not copy my key down in 56 , sister?” asked SHULA with a smile. “No, I didn’t. I must use my head and try my 57 to 58 all by myself. I’m sure, I can 59 a way. I don’t like to be lazy in 60 homework,” answered ZHOYA.
51. A．a B．an C．the 52. A．both B．either C．all 53. A．on B．with C．in 54. A．past B．pass C．passed 55. A．later B．late C．latterly 56. A．you B．yours C．your 57. A．good B．better C．best 58. A．work them out B．work out them C．work them off 59. A．look for B．find C．found 60. A．doing B．to do C．done
B.
For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job. __61 you become a professional athlete, you’ll be able to 62 by doing something you love. If you become famous, people 63 the world will know you. Many athletes give money to 64 , and do a lot of work to help people. This is a great 65 that many people do not have.
However, professional athletes can also have many 66 . if you are famous, people will 67 you all the time and follow you everywhere. This can make life difficult.
If you play sports 68 a living, your job will sometimes be very dangerous. Many professional athletes 69 . And if you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing 70 . In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy. They say they were happier before they became rich and famous.
61. A．If B．What C．How 62. A．doing a living B．do a living C．make a living 63. A．over B．all C．around 64. A．hospitals B．charities C．old people’s homes 65. A．topic B．influence C．chance 66. A．problems B．advice C．tragedy 67. A．look B．watch C．know 68. A．from B．in C．for 69. A．injured B．get injured C．get painful 70. A．who are your real friends B．who your real friends are C．what your real friends are
第三部分 阅读理解 (共15小题，计30分)
七、阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子正误。正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”。(共5小题，每小题2分;计10分)
Do you remember your dreams? Do people have the same dream? Why do we dream? There are many questions about dreams. We dream during the REM (rapid (快的) eye movement stage (阶段) of sleep. We have about five periods of REM sleep during the night. The first REM cycle (周期) lasts about 10 minutes.
As the night goes on, the REM cycle gets longer. By early morning, the REM cycle can last up to 90 minutes. Usually it is in this last REM cycle that we remember our dreams.
Dreams change as people age. People may have several dreams each night. Some are like films and usually in color. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something and trying to find the answer. Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream. But often we can't remember the dreams clearly.
It is reported that too much dreaming is bad for our health. The more we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is hard at work. That is why we may have a long sleep and feel tired when we wake up.
( )71. We dream during the REM stage of sleep.
( )72. Children aged eight or nine have the same dreams as people aged thirty.
( )73. All the dreams are usually in color like films.
( )74. The longer we dream, the better we sleep.
( )75. Too much dreaming is bad for our health.
ABBBA
八、阅读下面两篇短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。(共10小题，每小题2分;计20分)
A.
One morning, a blind (瞎的) boy sat on the steps of building with a hat by his feet. He held a sign which said, "I am blind, please help me."
There were only a few coins in the hat. A man was walking by. He took out a few coins from his pocket and dropped them into the hat. He then took the sign, turned it around, and wrote some words on it. He put the sign back so that everyone who walked by could see the new words.
Soon the hat began to fill up. A lot more people were giving money to the blind boy. That afternoon the man who had changed the sign came to see how things were. The boy recognized his footsteps and asked, "Are you the one who changed my sign in the morning? What did you write?"
The man said, "I only wrote the truth. I said what you said, but in a different way."
What he had written was, "Today is a beautiful day, but I cannot see it."
Do you think the first sign and second sign were saying the same thing?
Of course both signs told people the boy was blind. But the first sign simply told people to help by putting some money in the hat. The second sign told people that they were able to enjoy the beauty of the day, but the boy could not enjoy it because he was blind.
The first sign simply said the boy was blind, while the second sign told people they were so lucky that they were not blind.
There are at least two lessons we can learn from this simple story.
The first is: Treasure (珍惜) what you have. Someone else has less. Try your best to help those who need your help.
The second is: Be creative. Think differently. There is always a better way.
76. From the passage we know that _____.
A. the boy always has hat on his head.
B. the man is one of his friends.
C. the boy is blind and needs help.
77. On the sign the man wrote some words which said, "_____."
A. He is blind. Please help him.
B. Today is a beautiful day, but I cannot see it.
C. We are so lucky that we are not blind.
78. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. The hat began to fill up after the man wrote some words on the sigh.
B. The man took away the few coins from the hat.
C. The boy pretended to be blind, for he didn't want to go to school.
79. The underlined word "recognized" in the passage means _____.
A. 知道 B. 懂事 C. 辨认出
80. According to the writer, from this simple story we can learn:
A. Be creative. There is always a better way.
B. Be kind to the blind.
C. Don’t’ always get, but offer.
B.
Mr. Jenkins is a farmer. One day he drives his truck to town and on the way his truck knocked down a boy and hurt(弄伤) him. He takes the boy to a hospital and he pays a lot of money for that, but the boy’s parents want to get more money from him, so they say their son can’t lift(举起) his right arm above his head.
Mr. Jenkins’ lawyer comes and asks the boy some questions. “Now, my boy,” he says, “Mr. Jenkins’ truck knocks you down in the street.”
“Yes, sir,” he says.
“And you can’t lift your right arm now?”
“Yes, sir,” he says.
“Could you show how high you can lift your right arm?”Slowly the boy lifts his right arm before his nose.
“Poor boy,” says the lawyer, “And how high can you lift before the accident?”
“Oh, I can lift it very high.” Says the boy, and the right hand goes up high above his head.
81. Mr. Jenkins’ truck knocks down ________.
A. a lawyer B. a boy’s father C. a boy
82. The boy’s parents want to get ________ from him.
A. more trucks B. more money C. more monkeys
83. Mr. Jenkins’ lawyer asks the boy to ______.
A. ask some questions B. answer some questions C. lift his left arm
84. The boy says he can’t lift his _________ now.
A. right arm B. left arm C. right foot
85. There is _______ wrong with the boy.
A. something B. anything C. nothing
B 卷(非选择题;50分)
一、完成对话。在对话空格中填上适当的单词，使对话完整正确;一空一词(含缩写词)。(共10小题，每小题1分;计1分。请将所有使用的单词直接填写在答题卡相应题号的位置上)
A: Hi! Welcome to my house, Millie! Let me show you 1 it.
B: Thanks, Andy. I saw the photo of your house before. It’s great than on the photos. It’s quite 2 from my flat in Beijing.
A: Come here. This is my 3 .
B: Oh, it is very big. You have a very large bed in your room. That 4 you can stay with your friends in the room.
A: Yes. And I have a wardrobe. It is 5 the desk and window.
B: Where is your sitting room。
A: Come with me. We have many things in it, such as TV, sofa etc.
B: Where do you do your homework?
A: In my study. Look, I have a computer. I can 6 me with my lessons.
B: Do you have your 7 bathroom?
A: Yes, it’s over there. Now let’s go to the garden.
B: Oh, there are so many 8 beautiful flowers. Who grows 9 ?
A: My mother.
B: I hope to have a house like 10 .
二、短文填空。从下面方框中选出10个单词，并将其正确形式填写在答题卡相应题号的位置上，使短文意思正确通顺(每词限用一次)。(共10个小题，每小题1分;计10分)
somebody final tower how must care
call interesting like fix have happen
I often dreamed about Pisa when I was a boy. I read about the famous building 1 the Leaning Tower of Pisa. But when I read the word Pisa, I was thinking of pizza .I thought this tower was a place to buy pizza. It 2 be the best place to buy pizza in the world, I thought.
Many years later I 3 saw the Leaning Tower. I knew then that it was Pisa and no pizza. But there was still something special about it for me .The tower got its name because it really did lean to one side. Some people want to try to 4 it. They are afraid it may fall over and they don’t like it leans over the city.
I do not think it’s a good idea to try to fix it. The tower probably will not fall down. It is 600 years old. Why should anything 5 to it now? And, if you ask me, I like what it looks 6 . To me it is a very human kind of leaning. 7 is perfect. It seems to say.
And who 8 ? Why do people want things to be perfect? Imperfect things may be 9 . Let’s take the tower in Pisa. Why is it so famous? There are many other older, more beautiful 10 in Italy. But Pisa tower is the most famous. People come from all over the world to see it.
三、阅读表达(共20小题;计15分)
A. 阅读排序。阅读下列各句，根据其句首或首段提示，请将选项A-E按其内容重新排列顺序， 使其构成意思完整正确、逻辑顺序合理的语篇。(共10小题，每小题0.5分，计5分)
Do you know the game “Rock, paper or scissors”?Maybe you think it’s just a simple game for children. But in fact, some adults use it to make decisions and solve their problems. It is also popular in many countries.
1._______2.________3_______4_________5_________
There is even an international club named the World Rock Paper Scissors Club in Toronto. The club makes “Rock, paper or scissors” more and more popular. It holds the world championship (锦标赛) every year. Top players from around the world take part in it and the champion (冠军) can get a lot of money and the honor of all the fans of “Rock, paper or scissors”.
A. In 1842, England founded the Paper Scissors Stone Club.
B. Later it came to Europe in the middle of the 18th century.
C. From then on people could get together to play the game for honor (荣誉)
D. There are different stories about the history of the game.
E. But many people believe the game came from Japan, and Japanese have played it for a long time.
B.根据短文内容，从短文后的选择中，选出5个适当的选项补全短文(共5小题，每小题1分;计5分)
Linda Evans was my best friend—like the sister I never had. 11 .
When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special time—like my weding and Linda’s. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped " Address (地址) Unknown. ” 12 .
Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share happiness of my children and then grandchildren 13 There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.
One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda’s married name. “There must be thousands of Wagmans,” I thought, but J still wrote to her.
She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs Tobin!” 14 Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each other’s lives. 15 And there’s one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We won’t lose each other again!
A. she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother. ”
B. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died.
C. We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding.
D. Now the empty place in my heart is filled.
E. I missed her so much that I always burst into tears.
F. I had no idea how to find Linda.
C.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息，(共5个小题，每小题1分;计5分)
All my friends at school smoked. My dad smoked, he didn't want me to smoke, but my friends kept saying I was stupid.They asked when I was going to grow up. So I started to smoke when I was sixteen and after a month I couldn't stop. But two years later I could feel what smoking was doing to me. I couldn't run far, and I coughed every morning. I got very ill and decided to stop. It wasn't easy, but now I've done it, and I feel better. Now I have money for other things.
If you smoke, you are twice as likely to die from a heart attack. And the more you smoke, the earlier the heart attack is likely to be. For example, a 50-year-old person who smokes more than 20 cigarettes a day, is four times more likely to have heart disease than a non-smoker of the same age.
What does smoking do to the heart? First of all, it makes the heart beat faster and increases the blood pressure. The cigarette smoke also reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. Consequently, the heart has to work harder, with less oxygen. Finally, your arteries will narrow faster if you smoke.
So if you want to reduce your chances of getting heart disease, the answer is easy, not to smoke. Don't copy your friends and other people who smoke. If you smoke, find out how to stop. Stopping isn't easy, but you'll be healthier.
Why I started smoking all my friends at school smoked and they 16 me. When I started smoking at the 17 How I felt while smoking I wasn’t 18 far and cough every morning. What smoking do to heart It makes the heart beat faster and increase the blood pressure.
it reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood.
your arteries will narrow faster because of 19 20 I kept smoking for over two years 四、书面表达(计15分)
假如你是王琳，你在英国的朋友John来信说他正面临选择，他不知道下一年是继续上学还是成为一名职业歌手。以下是他本学期的成绩单，请帮他分析一下并提出你的建议。80-100词
John’s report card
Subject Grade Comments: Math: B hard-working
lazy student
can do better
good student Spanish: C Science: C History A
要求：
1. 描述成绩单
2. 帮他分析继续上学和成为职业歌手的利弊
3. 提出你的建议
4. 邀请暑假到中国来。
【参考答案】
选择填空
A.26-29 BCDA
B.30-35 BACBBC 36-40 ABABA 41-46 BCCCBA
C.47-50 CABD
完形填空
51-55 CABCA 56-60 BCABA 61-65 ACCBC
66-70 ABCBB
阅读理解
71-75 ABBBA 76-80 CBACA 81-85 CBBAC
完成对话
1. around 2. different 3. bedroom 4.means 5.beside 6. help 7. own 8. kinds of 9. them 10. yours
短文填空：
1. called 2. must 3. finally 4. to fix 5.happen 6. like 7. Nothing 8. cares 9. more interesting 10. towers
*以上每小题1分;用词意思正确给0.5分，形式正确再给0.5分
阅读表达：
A. 阅读排序 1-5 DEBAC 6-10 ECADB
B. 补全短文 11-15CFBAD
C. 完成表格
16. laughed at
17. age of sixteen
18. able to run
19. smoking
Ⅰ. 单项选择(15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个能填入句中空白处的答案。( ) 1. —Mary has lots of friends here. —Yes. Because she is ___ honest girl.A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 2. —I don’t know Chinese. Can you read the ___ on the bottle of the medicine? —OK.A. information B. instructions C. advice D. articles( ) 3. If you ___ to school, you’ll be late for class. A. will walk B. walked C. walk D. were walking( ) 4. —Look at the woman over there. She is Lily’s mother. —Really? I can’t believe it. She looks ___ 60 years old.A. after all B. at first C. in fact D. at least( ) 5. —Would you please ___ your MP4 player ___ me? —Sure. A. lend; to B. keep; for C. borrow; to D. buy; for( ) 6. My favourite films are the American___ .A. film B. films C. one D. ones( ) 7. —Have you watered the flowers yet?—No, ___ .A. not have B. not yetC. I have D. not already ( ) 8. I can’t find my airline ticket___ Beijing.A. of B. with C. for D. from( ) 9. I___ to you when I___ your letter.A. will write; will get B. will write; getC. write; will get D. write; get( )10. Betty didn’t say anything after knowing the result. ___ , she went out of her room.A. At a while B. In a momentC. After a while D. With a moment( )11. — Is___ here?— No, Sam has not arrived yet. A. everything B. nothing C. nobody D. everybody ( )12. After hearing his father’s words, the boy ___ that he should study hard. A. realised B. refused C. received D. recognised ( )13. —Linda, do you know ___ ? —Maybe she is in the kitchen.A. where Sue is B. what Sue is doing C. when does Sue come D. how she comes( )14. ___ the meeting, all the listeners stood up and clapped. A. At that moment B. By the way C. At the end of D. In the future( )15. —Hi, Tom! Lingling didn’t pass the English test this time. —___ She always worked hard. A. Come this way. B. That’s such a pity! C. Sounds great! D. Over there!Ⅱ. 完形填空(10分)先通读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择答案填空。Kate played with her Aunt Jane at the beach. It was a beautiful day. Kate built a big sand castle(沙城堡) in the morning. Aunt Jane __16__ many pictures of the castle to send to Kate’s parents.Kate wanted to __17__ again on the beach that afternoon. She wanted to build __18__ sand castle. Aunt Jane told her it was too __19__. Aunt Jane said Kate could only go if she had a __20__. But Kate didn’t have one. Aunt Jane agreed that Kate could take one of hers.Kate tried __21__ three hats.The pink one was really __22__ with long ribbons(丝带) but that would not be good for building a sand castle.The red hat with flowers on it was nice. But Kate was __23__ the flowers would get dirty. Then, Kate __24__ a big straw hat(草帽) with a short red ribbon on it and it would be easy to clean. __25__ Kate put it on and went to the beach. ( )16. A. hung B. sent C. took D. looked( )17. A. play B. sleep C. study D. read( )18. A. other B. the other C. others D. another( )19. A. windy B. rainy C. sunny D. snowy( )20. A. coat B. hat C. glass D. boat( )21. A. in B. on C. with D. by( )22. A. awful B. terrible C. stupid D. beautiful ( )23. A. afraid B. sad C. happy D. good ( )24. A. saw B. heard C. felt D. smelt( )25. A. But B. Or C. So D. SinceⅢ. 阅读理解(30分)阅读下列材料，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出答案。ARick is only fifteen years old, but he’s very rich. Two years ago, Rick started a football website for young people. “I became interested in computers when I was eight because my father worked with computers. As a little boy, I also loved football and I wanted to make a website for people of my age.”Rick started the “Football OK”, and now more than 20, 000 people visit it every day. Rick is a schoolboy and a businessman( 商人) too. He usually gets up at six o’clock and checks his e-mails. Then he stays at school from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm. In the evenings, he always works for about four hours on his website. Rick’s next plan is making a new website. “At the moment I am thinking about a new website on American football, maybe for the next year.” Talking about the future, Rick says he doesn’t know about it. “Maybe I will sell the website. I really don’t know. I’ll just wait and see.”根据短文内容，选择答案。 ( )26. How old was Rick when he became interested in computers?A. He was 5. B. He was 6.C. He was 8. D. He was 12.( )27. What’s the name of Rick’s website?A. People of My Age. B. Football OK.C. American Football.D. Anything Possible.( )28. How long does Rick work on his website every evening?A. Three hours. B. Four hours.C. Seven hours. D. Nine hours.( )29. What’s the Chinese meaning of the word “website”?A. 地址 B. 网络C. 博客 D. 网站( )30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. A schoolboy and businessmanB. Rick’s school lifeC. How to make a websiteD. Rick’s future work BOne day someone left the gate(大门) of Mr Ward’s house open. Later Mr Ward couldn’t find his dog Maggie. He looked around the neighbourhood for her. Then he saw Maggie running up the street in front of the school. She was carrying a lunch bag in her mouth.“I see you’ve been to school,” Mr Ward said as he looked at the bag in Maggie’s mouth. “Give me the bag,” Mr Ward said. Maggie quickly dropped the bag. “Good dog,” Mr Ward said. He noticed that she had not opened the bag.Mr Ward looked inside the lunch bag and saw a boy’s name. He thought for a moment and had a good idea. He hurried home with Maggie and wrote a note. Then he took the bag and the note to the school office. This was what the note said:Dear Tom, This morning I was out looking for bones, and I found your lunch bag outside the school. It smelled very good. I tried to bring it home, but my owner(主人) said it belonged to you. I am a big black dog.Yours truly, Maggie ( )31. Read these events(事件) in the story. Then answer the question.Maggie disappeared(不见).Maggie carried a lunch bag.____Mr Ward wrote a note.Which of the following can be put in ____A. Someone left the gate open. B. Mr Ward took the bag to school.C. Mr Ward found a boy’s name. D. Mr Ward looked for Maggie.( )32. What was strange about the note in this story? A. Maggie thought it was good to eat. B. It looked as if Maggie wrote it. C. It was written to Tom. D. It was written very quickly.( )33. What does the underlined word “bones” mean in Chinese? A. 野草 B. 骨头 C. 大蒜 D. 洋葱( )34. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Mr Ward knew who Tom was. B. Mr Ward’s house was near the school.C. Maggie listened to Mr Ward. D. Maggie carried the lunch bag home.( )35. What is this story mainly about? A. A dog ran away from home because she was hungry. B. A man found his dog playing in a school playground. C. A man wrote a letter to a boy who found his dog. D. A dog found a lunch bag and her owner returned it.CMiss Xie is a teacher of a school in Kangding. She has taught for three years. Many people asked her why she gave up ( 放弃) the better life in a big city. Miss Xie always answers them like this: Everything here is so clean. All the children are lovely and hope to learn something. I know they need me.Before she came to this school, Miss Xie was a music teacher. She is good at playing the piano. But this school didn’t need music teachers. In the past( 过去的) three years, Miss Xie was a Maths teacher and an English teacher. When it needed Chinese teachers, she became a Chinese teacher. She bought many Chinese books and taught herself Chinese from the beginning. Then in class she tried to teach her students.More and more children come to this school to study. Miss Xie is very tired but she never complains ( 抱怨) about it. She is happy that her students are good at their lessons. She said she would like to stay here for a long time.根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正（T）误（F）。 ( )36. Many people don’t understand Miss Xie.( )37. In this school, Miss Xie taught the students music very well.( )38. Miss Xie began to teach Chinese because she was also good at Chinese.( )39. Miss Xie is very busy with her work, but she likes it.( )40. Miss Xie hopes to teach in a big city in the future.
Ⅳ. 词汇运用(10分) A. 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。41. Sally often helps her mother wash the d_______ after dinner.42. It’s impolite to shout in p_______. Don’t do that again. 43. The teachers always c_______ our homework in class.44. You should take part in all kinds of a______ after school.45. All the students are preparing for the English e______.B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。collect person wrong mend reporter46. You shouldn’t ask a foreigner any ________ questions.47. That boy has a great _______ of toy cars.48. Tom finished _______ the computer and he went out of his room. 49. Sorry. Your answers are _______. Please correct them.50. There are lots of _______ about endangered animals in the magazine.Ⅵ. 完成句子(10分)根据要求改写下列句子，每空一词。61. 现在很多人对野营感兴趣。Now lots of people ________ _________ _________ camping.62. 别挂电话, 他马上来了。 ________ _________ _________, please. He’s coming right now.63. 因为大卫不善于交友，所以他经常感到孤独。David often feels lonely because he isn’t good at ________ _________ _________ others.64. 明天我们一起去滑冰吧！Let’s go skating ________ _________ tomorrow.65. 昨天露西用零用钱买了本书。Lucy bought a book with her ________ _________ yesterday.Ⅶ. 书面表达(15分) 假设你是李红，你的笔友Mary经常观看章子怡的电影，她将来想做一名像章子怡一样的电影明星，并且梦想着与她见面。这些事情花费了Mary很多时间，她不想上学了。请你写一封70词左右的电子邮件给她一些建议。Dear Mary,Everyone has his own dream for the future. ___________________________ You should know that your future is in your hands. Try your best!Good luck!Yours,Li HongKey:1-5 BBCDA 6-10 DBCBC 11-15 DAACB16-20 CADCB 21-25 BDAAC26-30 CBBDA 31-35 CBBAD 36-40 TFFTF41. dishes 42. public 43. check 44. activities 45. exam 46. personal 47. collection 48. mending 49. wrong 50. reports 51 fruit 52. need 53. melons 54. enough 55. much 56. peaches 57. else 58. grapes 59. phone 60. invite61. are interested in 62. Hold the line 63. making friends with 64. all together 65. pocket moneyOne possible version:Dear Mary, Everyone has his own dream for the future. I know that you want to be a famous film star like Zhang Ziyi. You often watch her films and even dream to meet her some day. I can understand you, but you have spent too much time on them, and you don’t want to study now. I don’t think it’s right because you are still a student. You should work hard to learn more and then you will have a chance to be like her. You should know that your future is in your hands. Try your best!Good luck!Yours,
【编辑寄语】以下是
2012年初二下册英语单元测试题汇总 2011级人教版八年级下册英语_Unit1_第一单元笔记 人教版初二年级下册英语第二单元unit2知识点 八年级下册Unit1-2单元重点知识点 初中二年级下册英语第一单元知识要点 八年级下册Unit1-2测试题 人教版初中二年级下册英语第一单元unit1知识点 >>>>>查看更多信息
1 组合——让教学轻松自如
1.1 英语音标与汉语拼音的组合。在教学人教版七年级英语的Start Units1～3，我就使用了“英语音标与汉语拼音”相结合的方法，如在教学字母Pp，我就写出这个字母的音标/Pi：/、Ss：/Pi：/、/Pi：/…同学们都大声地乱读一翻。T：Read after me，/i：/，像衣服的衣，似唱歌的两拍，汉语拼音a、o、e、i、u中的i衣。我们刚学过的哪些字母或单词有这个发音？Ss：Ee、Dd、Cc、me、evening…T：Good！那/P/与汉语P有何相似的地方？S1：读泼水的泼呀！po、po…T：在口形上与汉语中的P相似，双嘴唇先闭合，让气流通过嘴唇爆破送出，不过和汉语不一样的是声带不振动，不发声。
在教学整个26个字母，48个音标都使用的这种教学组合，让学生从汉语拼音过渡到英语音标的学习，重点是寻找到它们之间相似的地方，如口形等。这样在区分它们的同时，让学生们轻松自如地掌握了难度较大的音标学习，为全面拼读英语单词打下了很好的基础，使学生更易投入到自学英语的习惯中去。
1.2 语法与游戏组合。说到每本书后面的语法知识，谁都觉得枯燥无味，难以掌握运用。若能在情景中使用语法结构，那语法就在现实情景中得以应用了。
如在教学九年级的现在完成时的被动语态，have/has been done，我就尝试了先请几个同学在纸上随意写上几个表动作的词，然后请几个同学上台表演，其余同学闭上眼睛。T：What has changed in the classroom？同学们都“哇”一声，不由地回答。S1：The lights has been turned off.S2：The floor has been cleaned.S3：The desk has been moved.S4：The door has been opened.S5：The windows has been closed……诸如此类的重点难点语法，都可通过游戏来理解。
2 调整——让重点更突出
可以调整单元间的顺序。在整个一学期的时间中，有学生学习兴奋期，也有学生学习疲倦期，若教师能有效地把所学内容进行适当的调整，那将收到较好的效果。
如在七年级下册共12个单元中，重点内容现在进行时安排在Units5～6，过去时安排在Units9～10中，重点内容虽较集中，但较靠后，几乎要临到半期或期末，这不但是疲倦期，而且是没有时间和空间对所学内容进行巩固。这样我就会把类似这样的重点放在一学期学生较兴奋的时期，如把Units5～6调整到第5、6周，Units9～10会调到半期后不久，让他们有时间理解，消化和应用重点内容。而把没涉及到过多语法和口语运用较多的单元安排在疲倦期，如八年级下Unit 7谈如何制作沙拉过程，这样动手多，口语多的单元易再进一步调动他们学英语的积极性。
若面临重点内容较分散，也可适当地把重点内容单元集中。如八年级上册Unit 6比较级，Unit 12最高级；八年级下册Unit6现在完成进行时，Unit 9现在完成时。我都会把这样的单元进行整合，让他们之间既有联系，又有区别，便于学生掌握知识。
3 增添——丰富教学内容
课改教材本应适当增设相关内容，让学生在学中用，在用中感受生活，为英语枯燥的学习增添不少的色彩。教学八年级上册Unit 9 When was he born？一单元中，学生对演艺界名人及体育名人很感兴趣，于是为他们增设了一内容，让他们回家网上查找你所喜欢的名人生日及它相关内容，第二天在班上既可以进行正面交流，“Do you know…？When was he/she born？What did he/she do？”也可以进行游戏“Guess who he/she is，he/she was born in…on…，he/she is a…”在上网同时，也叫他们对单元出现的Tiger Woods、Shirley Temple、Mozart、Mei Lanfang、Ronaldo、Li Yundi进行查找了解，不仅可以丰富教学内容，而且可以提高学生的学习兴趣和端正学习动机。
“四有”课堂教学模式是指在课堂教学过程中要做到有教学目标、有精讲、有互动、有训练的新型课堂教学模式。基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。因此，在平时的英语教学中怎样才能把英语课程的总体目标通过“四有”课堂来实现呢？笔者谈谈自己在英语教学中的做法。
一、教学目标是指针
课程目标是教师进行教学活动的指挥棒，教师实施课堂教学的目的是为了完成课程目标。根据初中英语教材的编排特点、英语课堂教学的特点和农村初中学生的年龄特征以及知识水平，通过教学目标分步细化的方法来完成教学目标。首先根据整册课本制定一个总的教学目标，然后根据总目标和各单元的内容特点制定单元教学目标，再根据单元教学目标确定具体的课时目标，最后按每一课时的教学内容实施课时教学目标。把一个大的教学目标分解到具体的每一课时，通过课时教学目标实现单元目标，从而实现该册课本的总目标。如：人教版八年级英语上册我制定的总体目标是：1.面向全体学生，关注学生的情感，激发他们学习英语的爱好，帮助他们建立学习英语的成就感和自信心，培养创新精神；2.整体设计，灵活开发，目标设计以学生技能、语言知识、情感态度、学生策略和文化意识的发展为基础；3.突出学生主体，尊重个体差异；4.留意过程评价，促进学生发展，让学生在教师的指导下通过感知、体验、实践、参与和合作等方式实现英语知识的学习。本册第2单元 What’s the matter? 的单元教学目标是：让学生会使用英语询问病情并用英语进行回答，通过交流培养学生的参与意识，形成健康的生活观；培养学生的逻辑表达能力，激发学生的积极思维；培养积极向上的生活态度。本单元需5课时完成教学任务，根据学生接受知识的特点和生活实际确定具体的课时教学目标：第一课时，以生词的听说读写为教学目标；第二课时，以句型和对话的听说练为教学目标；第三课时，以语法知识的记忆和应用为教学目标; 第四课时，以根据单元知识训练学生的书面表达为教学目标; 第五课时，以巩固和应用知识为教学目标。
二、精讲有度是方法
学生的学习活动离不开教师的讲解，英语课堂教学如果离开了教师的讲授就会变得苍白无力。但授课教师要做到精讲有度，让学生有动手动脑的学习空间。授课教师的精讲在教学中应放在生词、短语、易混词、重点句型和语法的学习以及应用上。如：在对人教版八年级英语上册第2单元 What’s the matter?的教学中，我对学生的精讲分别在第一课时：10—15分钟，对生词的读和记忆进行讲授；第三课时：15—25分钟，对语法和知识点做出讲解；第五课时: 15—25分钟，对知识点在练习中的应用进行分析。讲解的时间不宜过长，并且在讲的同时还应伴随相应知识的练习，做到讲中有练、练中配讲、讲练结合。
三、互动有效是途径
新的教育理念要求教师把课堂还给学生，让学生成为课堂的主人，教师仅仅是课堂的组织者、引导者。课堂上的教与学是通过师生互动、生生互动来实现的。教师在进行英语教学时怎样做才能互动有效呢？要把握以下原则：1.根据单元内容和单元教学目标确定互动的话题；2.互动的话题要贴近学生的生活实际；3.循序渐进地进行，对生词的互动可采用：跟我读—仿我读—自己读—大家读的方式；4.互动的方式要灵活多变。在对人教版八年级英语上册第2单元 What’s the matter?笔者这样设计互动话题：根据该单元询问病情的交际主题，结合各种病情的不同特点，让学生扮演各种病况来练习对话。这样，把书本上的知识融入了学生的实际生活，让学生在玩乐中进行了互动，提高了英语交际的水平。
四、训练到位是目的
英语教学的目的不仅为了让学生学会用英语交际，也是为了在考试时能取得优异的成绩。所以，在实施英语课堂教学的过程中，根据考试目标和考题特点，结合教学重点设计有效的练习也是非常有必要的。为了减轻学生的学业负担，提高训练的针对性、目标性，在设计训练题目时要做到以下四点：第一，训练的方式要多样化；第二，训练的题目要具有一定的代表性，最好是历年中考和期末的精选题目；第三，题目的设计要难易适中；第四，要做到讲什么，练什么；考什么，练什么。在教学时，教师不但要让学生做，还要教给学生做题的方法，引导学生深入浅出，找到每一种考题的题眼。这就要求我们讲练结合，精讲有度。
总之，我们要在平时的英语课堂教学中实施“四有”，既不能机械地生搬硬套，也不能虎头蛇尾、避重就轻，让单元教学目标无法在课时教学中实现。因此，在英语课堂教学过程中，我们可以在不同的课时，根据不同的教学内容和学生特点侧重某一方面来实施教学目标，真正做到课时教学目标是指针，精讲有度是方法，互动有效是途径，训练到位是目的。只有这样才能做到向45分钟要成绩，要效率，达到提高教学质量的目的。
参考文献：
关键词：电教手段；初中英语；阅读教学；美育
一、问题的提出
1.美育的内涵及作用。
美育，又称审美教育。即通过培养人们认识美、体验美、感受美、欣赏美和创造美的能力，从而使我们具有美的理想、美的情操、美的品格和美的素养。在初中英语教学中，它不仅可以活跃英语课堂教学，激发学生学习英语的兴趣，提高教学效率，而且还能强化英语的审美教育功能，增进对各国文化背景的了解，使中学生体会到不同语言及不同的人文之美。
2.电教手段的概念界定。
本文中的电教手段包括磁带、录音等音像资料和多媒体软件、广播影视资源等，特别是多媒体技术借助计算机硬件和软件把图象、音响和文本有机地结合在一起，再加上网络资源的充分利用，它能将社会、人文背景等人文因素形象化和具体化。因此，借助电教手段进行初学英语教学中的审美素质教育，具有形象、直观、方便的显著效果。
3.电教手段在初中英语阅读教学中实施美育的可行性。
（1）“以W生为中心”的初中英语课堂教学需要充分利用电教手段。电化教育是优化课堂教学过程的需要。利用网络、多媒体等技术创设良好的英语学习环境，从而优化学习环境融感性知识与理性知识为一体，能全面训练学生的听、说、读、写能力。
（2）人教版现行教材为美育提供了丰富灵活的阅读材料。江西初中英语现行教材采用的是由教育部审定、人民教育出版社于2013年5月出版的义务教育教科书：Go for it！现行教材中，阅读材料渗透了丰富的文化内容和情感教育内容，为美育提供了充足、鲜活的材料。
二、建构主义学习理论
建构主义的认知学习理论认为，学习是学习者对知识意义的自主建构过程，学习是一种“协商”活动的过程。在教学中建构主义提倡在教师指导下的、以学习者为中心的学习，学生要成为意义的主动建构者。
三、初中英语阅读教学中审美教育的实际操作
1.借助信息技术，教学动态审美。
动态审美教学指将言语与动作行为相结合的以活动为主的美育教学。
（1）游戏教学。根据课文内容，要求学生上网搜索相关信息，然后再课堂上作汇报。汇报的形式可设计为讲故事、说笑话、快速问答等，以引起学生学习课文的兴趣，让学生体验到美的快乐。
（2）角色配音教学。根据故事情节，播放相关影视或是听说材料，让学生先观看然后模仿影视中各种人物形象的角色。如八年级上册第五单元中课文教学的阅读后活动中，教师可以选取学生最熟悉、最感兴趣的米老鼠和唐老鸭的动画片，让学生扮演角色体会情境，说片中人物所说的话，做片中人物所做的事，体验片中人物的喜怒哀乐。成功的角色教学可以让表演者充分展示自己的艺术才能，体验到表演成功的快乐和创造的美感。
2.借助电教手段，理性思辨审美。
英语审美教学的高级层次是培养深层理解的理性思辨审美。理性思辨审美需要深层的推论性理解，即进一步理解和吸收文字没有明确表达，却又与主题有联系的信息与思想，即“弦外之音”。
（1）艺术形象美。艺术形象充分体现了人生观、生活体验和审美观。八年级上册第五单元Unit5的阅读教学中，课文中“Mickey was like a common man，but he always tried to face any danger.”简简单单的一二句话，一个“little man”（小人物）的短语就让总是大胆正视困难、接受挑战的乐观坚强的米老鼠形象跃然纸上，让学生激动与振奋。
（2）曲折情节美。叙事作品中人物形象的生活演变过程就是情节。它的内在构成是人与人、人与物、人与环境的关系；其外在结构是开端、发展、高潮、结尾等。英语教学重视分析其故事情节，可从中获得美的启迪。如讲授八年级上册第一单元中Jane’s diary entries时，教师就可围绕女主人公Jane，以度假为中心，前后展开情节美的教学，利用信息技术，投影仪上出现What，How，Why等字眼。
（3）自然环境审美。山川园林、田野牧场、湖光海涛在课内外教材里应有尽有。教师必须引领学生“入境”，并努力诱发学生展开丰富的想像。利用信息技术，我们可以随着摄像机的镜头，跟随英语导游，想像自己是一朵流云俯瞰爱尔兰、苏格兰的田园美景；想像自己是一只飞鸟神游加拿大、游历广袤的澳大利亚，观赏澳洲特有的动物……如八年级上册第一单元阅读教学中，教师借助视频引领着学生来到澳大利亚和云南丽江“旅游”，边欣赏美丽的风光、奇妙的民风民俗，边学英语。
（4）异域、人文审美。利用信息技术，我们可以在“教室”里观看到用英语解说的多种自然灾害现象，如：飓风，龙卷风，地震，火山，等等。又如八年级上册第八单元阅读教学中，教师适当引入美国感恩节和其后的“黑色星期五”的由来，第五单元阅读教学中，教师将美国和中国两国的卡通动画事业的蓬勃发展进行比较，第四单元介绍英国广播公司和美国BBC等等，有利于学生理解外国文化，加深对祖国文化的理解，进而拓展文化视野，形成跨文化交际意识和初步的跨文化交际的能力的同时，感受异域文化之美。
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关键词：英语；导入；方法
导入是整个课堂教学的起始环节。科学巧妙的课堂导入，能迅速集中学生的注意力，激发学生的学习兴趣和求知欲，活跃学生思维，创造良好的课堂氛围，使学生在最短的时间内进入课堂学习的最佳状态，为课堂教学的顺利进行奠定良好的基础，优化课堂教学。
初中英语课堂教学导入的方法很多。我们要根据每堂课的教学内容、课的类型和学生的实际情况科学巧妙地设计不同的导入方法。下面，本人结合自己的教学实践和八年级下册英语课堂教学实例，谈谈一些有效的导入方法。
一、英文歌曲导入，轻松活泼
美妙、悦耳的音乐，能激活全身的每一个细胞，能带给人们无穷的感受，使人们产生联想和共鸣。以教授八年级下册Unit5 “If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time.”单元为例，本单元主要学习if引导的条件状语从句。本课我以歌曲“If you’re happy”引入，当歌曲响起时，熟悉、欢快的音律，让学生们不知不觉地一起哼唱起来，课堂气氛轻松而活泼，也迎来了学生们灿烂的笑脸。歌曲放完后，我问“Are you happy now？ If you’re happy， what will you do？”引导学生回答用“If I am happy， I will...”句型，在轻松愉悦的气氛中带出新知。
二、呈现图片导入，直观形象
呈现图片导入，可将抽象的事物具体化，这种直观形象的导入，更能吸引学生的眼球，也易于初中学生接受和理解。以教授八年级下册Unit 9“Have yo ever been to an amusement park？”单元为例，本单元让学生使用现在完成时态询问、谈论自己及他人过去的经历。首先为学生展示了我去法国旅游的一些照片，然后呈现句子“In 2008，I went to France. But now I’m in Pengjie. So I have ever been to France.”让学生了解现在完成时的基本结构之后，提问“Have you ever been to France？”学生会说“No.”然后再呈现游乐园、动物园、水族馆等的图片，提问“But have you ever been to a/an amusement park/zoo/aquarium...？”从而引入到本节课的新知识点中来。
三、温故知新导入，新旧关联
孔子说：“温故而知新。”以旧知带出新知，便于学生在巩固旧知识的同时，与新知识有机地联系起来，更有助于学生对于新旧知识的掌握。以教授八年级下册Unit 2 “What should I do？”单元为例，本单元主要以“谈论问题及提供建议”为话题，谈论学生在学校和家庭中遇到的种种问题，提供相应的建议、并能为自己和他人找到合理的解决方法。且由于本单元承接八年级上册Unit 2 “What’s the matter？”中有关情态动词should的用法，因此，在导入环节中，我首先呈现一幅Alice感冒发烧的图片，引导学生回忆谈论问题以及提建议的表达方式。Teacher：What’s the matter with her？/What’s the trouble with her？/ What’s wrong with her？Student1： She has a fever.Teacher：What should she do？Student 1： She should drink lots of hot water.接着再呈现同学之间争吵，一女生感慨衣服过时的图片。Teacher： And what’s wrong with Bob？ Students： He argued with his friend.Teacher： So what should he do？Students：He should...从而从谈论“疾病提建议”转入到了本单元的主题“谈论学生在学校和家庭中遇到的种种问题以及提建议”中来，与此同时，又学习了本课时出现的“argue with，out of style”等新词组。
四、创设情境导入，身临其境
创设适合本课的情境，可让学生身临其境，点燃学生们思维的火花，充分调动他们的学习积极性。以教授八年级下册Unit 8“Why don’t you get her a scarf？”单元为例，本单元主要是学习如何给别人买礼物以及用各种句型建议别人买礼物。因此，我创设了要为我老公买生日礼物的生活情景。Teacher：Hey，guys.Are you happy today？Students：...Teacher：I’m glad to hear that./Me，too.But/ Because my husband’s birthday is coming.I want to buy him a gift.But I don’t know what to buy.Can you help me？What should I get my husband for his birthday？然后引导学生用“How about/What about/Why don’t you/You’d better/You should...”回答，我再用“That’s too.../ They’re too.../That sounds good...”对学生的建议予以评价。整个过程学生参与热情相当高，个个为我献计献策，充满想象力的学生们，总能想到让人哭笑不得的礼物，让我惊喜不断。
五、设疑悬念导入，启迪智慧
古希腊哲学家亚里士多德提出“思维自惊奇和疑问开始”，在导入环节设置悬念，无不激发了学生的好奇心，唤起了他们的求知欲。以教授八年级下册Unit4 “He said I was hard-working？”单元为例，本单元主要是围绕“运用间接引语转述他人话语”开展教学活动的。在上课之初，我点击幻灯片响起了手机短信的声音，假装自己收到了弟弟Allen的信息，并将自己事先设好的手机信息通过投影仪，呈现给大家“Hi，Selena.I’m going to visit my friend tonight.”我特意问大家“What did Allen say？”由于是新知识点，学生未能一下反应过来，因此，我将句子写在黑板之上“Allen said he was going to visit his friend tonight.”借此将间接引语的表达结构呈现，让学生了解其基本用法。接着再点击幻灯片又响起了手机短信的声音，假装自己再次收到了Allen的信息。不过这次，并不马上点击进入查看内容，而是让学生运用间接引语猜测我弟弟发我的第二条短信。此时，整个课堂沸腾了，学生们争先恐后，大胆地进行了猜测，在练习间接引语表达的同时，启迪了他们的智慧，训练了大家的发散思维能力。
